““Vitality manifests itself on the level of spirit as jing-shen ('essence-spirit'), which may be cultivated by the practice of meditation. In Taoist meditation, sexual energy from the sacrum is raised up along the spinal channels into the head, where it is refined into cerebral energy and transformed into spiritual vitality. The enhanced cerebral energy derived from meditation stimulates production of vital neurochemicals and improves all mental functions, including memory and learning, intelligence and awareness, perception and thought. Like physical vitality, spiritual vitality is fuelled by the pure, potent energies associated with secretions of vital essence in the body. While the jing-chee of physical vitality comes mainly from the energy associated with hormones and enzymes, the jing-shen of spiritual vitality is generated mainly by the cerebral energy associated with neurotransmitters and secretions of the pineal and pituitary glands in the brain.””