““SIOP developers approached their project from the opposite direction. They began by announcing a model of sheltered instruction, incorporating a list of best practices that made sense to themselves and to a few colleagues. They presented this model as a detailed set of criteria, a rubric for effective sheltering. Then they asked a group of “raters” to evaluate the rubric for validity and reliability. Finally, they began conducting their own research on the model to see whether it worked. This is how SIOP came to be created and marketed commercially as “the only scientifically validated model of sheltered instruction.””