Animal Quote by Astley Cooper
“In the collecting of evidence upon any medical subject, there are but three sources from which we can hope to obtain it: viz. from observation of the living subject; from examination of the dead; and from experiments upon living animals.”
About This Quote
Medical evidence comes from living observation, dead examination, and animal experiments.
In simple terms: Three sources of medical evidence.
Use multiple evidence sources.
Themes
Mood
Type
When to use this quote
- clinical trials
- post‑mortem studies
- animal testing
- observational studies
Key Concepts
Questions to Reflect On
- How to balance evidence types?
- What limits each source?
Ethical concerns about animal use.