Biologists must constantly keep in mind that what they see was not designed, but rather evolved. — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Protein synthesis is a central problem for the whole of biology, and that it is in all probability closely related to gene… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Rather than believe that Watson and Crick made the DNA structure, I would rather stress that the structure made Watson and Crick. — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
If poly A is added to poly U, to form a double or triple helix, the combination is inactive. — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
It is one of the more striking generalizations of biochemistry - which surprisingly is hardly ever mentioned in the biochemical textbooks -… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
For simplicity one can think of the + class as having one extra base at some point or other in the genetic… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
A comparison between the triplets tentatively deduced by these methods with the changes in amino acid sequence produced by mutation shows a… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Unfortunately it makes the unambiguous determination of triplets by these methods much more difficult than would be the case if there were… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
The balance of evidence both from the cell-free system and from the study of mutation, suggests that this does not occur at… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
It now seems very likely that many of the 64 triplets, possibly most of them, may code one amino acid or another,… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Almost all aspects of life are engineered at the molecular level, and without understanding molecules we can only have a very sketchy… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
The meaning of this observation is unclear, but it raises the unfortunate possibility of ambiguous triplets; that is, triplets which may code… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
To produce a really good biological theory one must try to see through the clutter produced by evolution to the basic mechanisms… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
The major credit I think Jim and I deserve ... is for selecting the right problem and sticking to it. It's true… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
One can say, looking at the papers in this symposium, that the elucidation of the genetic code is indeed a great achievement.… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Finally one should add that in spite of the great complexity of protein synthesis and in spite of the considerable technical difficulties… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
“It is one of the striking generalizations of biochemistry—which surprisingly is hardly ever mentioned in the biochemical text-books—that the twenty amino acids… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Haemoglobin is a very large molecule by ordinary standards, containing about ten thousand atoms, but the chances are that your haemoglobin and… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
We are sometimes asked what the result would be if we put four +'s in one gene. To answer this my colleagues… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Trying to determine the structure of a protein by UV spectroscopy was like trying to determine the structure of a piano by… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
It seems likely that most if not all the genetic information in any organism is carried by nucleic acid - usually by… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
It has yet to be shown by direct biochemical methods, as opposed to the indirect genetic evidence mentioned earlier, that the code… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Moreover the incorporation requires the same components needed for protein synthesis, and is inhibited by the same inhibitors. Thus the system is… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
If, for example, all the codons are triplets, then in addition to the correct reading of the message, there are two incorrect… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
A final proof of our ideas can only be obtained by detailed studies on the alterations produced in the amino acid sequence… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
How is the base sequence, divided into codons? There is nothing in the backbone of the nucleic acid, which is perfectly regular,… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
It would appear that the number of nonsense triplets is rather low, since we only occasionally come across them. However this conclusion… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
It now seems certain that the amino acid sequence of any protein is determined by the sequence of bases in some region… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Attempts have been made from a study of the changes produced by mutation to obtain the relative order of the bases within… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
This seems highly likely, especially as it has been shown that in several systems mutations affecting the same amino acid are extremely… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Do codons overlap? In other words, as we read along the genetic message do we find a base which is a member… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
In my experience most mathematicians are intellectually lazy and especially dislike reading experimental papers. He seemed to have very strong biological intuitions but unfortunately… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
The major credit I think Jim and I deserve ... is for selecting the right problem and sticking to it. It's true that by… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
“It is one of the striking generalizations of biochemistry—which surprisingly is hardly ever mentioned in the biochemical text-books—that the twenty amino acids and the… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
The ultimate aim of the modern movement in biology is in fact to explain all biology in terms of physics and chemistry. — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
One of the most frightening things in the Western world, and in this country in particular, is the number of people who believe in… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
For simplicity one can think of the + class as having one extra base at some point or other in the genetic message and… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
There is no form of prose more difficult to understand and more tedious to read than the average scientific paper. — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Finally one should add that in spite of the great complexity of protein synthesis and in spite of the considerable technical difficulties in synthesizing… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
Unfortunately it makes the unambiguous determination of triplets by these methods much more difficult than would be the case if there were only one… — Francis Crick Copy Share Image
