Enzymes are masters of chemistry. They evolved over billions of years to perform specific biological functions. They make complex materials with virtually… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
The fuel for evolution is diversity, with natural selection leading to continuous adaptations and improvements in Nature's handiwork. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Evolution is good for optimising and that is well understood. But evolution also creates things that no one knew were even possible. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
My feeling is that we can genetically encode almost any kind of chemistry. We just have to learn how to do that. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
This innovation machine that's evolution, we can use it to do all sorts of interesting things. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
I'd like to see what fraction of things that chemists have figured out we could actually teach nature to do. Then we… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
What I want to do is demonstrate that biology can learn how to make a vast array of molecules that people thought… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Inside of a living cell there are thousands of proteins that enable it to make more of itself and make your malaria… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
My laboratory uses evolution to design new enzymes. No one really knows how to design them - they are tremendously complicated. But… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Instead of studying what biology has already made, we have to imagine what biology could make. You can say, 'Oh, I want… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
In the universe of possibilities that exist for life, we've shown that it is a very easy possibility for life as we… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
There's nothing like evolution for engineering beautiful organisms. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Mother Nature has been the best bioengineer in history. Why not harness the evolutionary process to design proteins? — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Using the power of protein engineering and evolution, we can convince enzymes to take what they do poorly and do it really… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
No human can design a good enzyme, yet we are surrounded by them after 3.5 billion years of work by evolution. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
I can't imagine not being able to read and write, or make these connections from literature and philosophy that have helped inform… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Microbes such as bacteria and yeast use enzymes to make fuels from biomass. We use directed evolution to perfect those enzymes and… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
We share deep admiration for evolution, a force of Nature that has led to the finest chemistry of all time, and to… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
The DNA-encoded catalytic machinery of the cell can rapidly learn to promote new chemical reactions when we provide new reagents and the… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
We've been modifying the biological world at the level of DNA for thousands of years. Somehow there is this new fear of… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
The code of life is like a Beethoven symphony. We have not yet learned how to write music like that. But evolution… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
The real frontier is making these hybrid systems where you expand the capabilities of biology with chemistry. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Instead of studying what biology has already made, we have to imagine what biology could make. You can say, 'Oh, I want a cure… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
We are going to see a steady stream, I predict, of Nobel prizes coming out of chemistry and given to women. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
I decided that I wanted to become an engineer of the biological world, specifically a protein engineer. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
When I started engineering proteins I didn't know how hard it would be. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
I get these students who come in and say, I want to help people. I say, people get plenty of help. Why don't you… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Pittsburgh was a wonderful place to grow up - diverse and complex, one could go from one culture to a completely different one in… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
I wanted to rewrite the code of life, to make new molecular machines that would solve human problems. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
I was used to being the only woman in everything... I didn't even think about it. Men were my role models - there's nothing… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
To survive and even thrive in a changing world, nature offers another great lesson: the survivors are those who at the least adapt to… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
