Children Quote by James Crawford

“conscious learning remains the method and goal of skill-building models. To the extent that students acquire any language at all in such classes, Krashen…

— James Crawford

“the federal Institute of Education Sciences reviewed these studies and found all of them lacking—that is, none could “establish that the comparison group was…

— James Crawford

“It is unnecessary, he added, to pressure students to produce speech or writing in the second language before they are ready, because “output” contributes…

— James Crawford

“skill-building” approaches, which feature explicit instruction in the formal aspects of language, have a poor record of success. Hence the dismal results of most…

— James Crawford

“Teachers needed to emphasize the message, not the medium. Ideally, the curriculum should be so engaging that students would forget which language the teacher…

— James Crawford

“not focusing on language turns out to be an effective way to teach language in sheltered classrooms, especially the kind of academic language that…

— James Crawford

“Nevertheless, in the field of second and foreign language teaching, behaviorist pedagogy—i.e., direct instruction in various forms—maintains a large following, which seems to grow…

— James Crawford

“Third, the Comprehension Hypothesis, on which Krashen’s concept of sheltering is based, holds that input is what matters in second language acquisition—not output. As…

— James Crawford

“educators of English learners should be well-versed in theories of second language acquisition and in methodologies such as sheltering and scaffolding. Their work should…

— James Crawford

“it’s hard to imagine a more tedious approach, practically guaranteed to deaden the enthusiasm of 12-year-olds.”

— James Crawford

“Krashen’s insistence that a sheltered classroom consists of second language learners only.”

— James Crawford

“Scaffolding is applied in this context, not to engage students through authentic and meaningful activities, but to transmit a designated set of skills and…

— James Crawford