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Theory Quote by Stephen Hawking

“Up to about thirty years ago, it was thought that protons and neutrons were “elementary” particles, but experiments in which protons were collided with other protons or electrons at high speeds indicated that they were in fact made up of smaller particles.” quote by Stephen Hawking
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““Up to about thirty years ago, it was thought that protons and neutrons were “elementary” particles, but experiments in which protons were collided with other protons or electrons at high speeds indicated that they were in fact made up of smaller particles.””

Stephen Hawking

About This Quote

Source Speech: Public Lecture on Particle Physics, 1990

Protons and neutrons are composed of smaller particles called quarks, revealed by high‑energy collisions.

In simple terms: Protons are not fundamental; they contain quarks.

Key Takeaway

Recognize that deeper structures underlie apparent simplicity.

Themes

physics discovery structure

Mood

curious analytical

Type

scientific educational

When to use this quote

  • university lecture
  • science documentary
  • academic discussion

Key Concepts

particle physics standard model

Questions to Reflect On

  • What other "elementary" particles might be composite?
  • How does this change our view of matter?
A Different Perspective

Complex experiments are needed to uncover subatomic layers.

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