““Not all minds are valid cognizers because not all minds know their object non-deceptively. For example, a tree stump at dusk may appear to our eye consciousness as a person, but this mind is not a valid mind and deceives us. Also a child may develop the thought that certain berries are good to eat because they are black and shiny. This thought is similar to a subsequent cognizer but it is not a valid mind because the reason used is not correct. The resulting mind is deceptive and could even lead to the child’s death. If””
