“the majority of women in the Muslim world across the ages, who worked in the fields, did not cover their faces and do not do so to this day. Full veiling is an urban and largely modern institution.” — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“The ultimate irony of the influence of communism was that those who opposed it so ferociously – first the Ba‘th Party and then the Islamists – borrowed heavily from its ideological framework and organisational model. (For the influence of Marxism… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“The conclusion is that far from Kirkuk being the Kurdish Jerusalem, Jerusalem had become the Jewish and Arab Kirkuk, i.e. an overblown, chauvinist fetish,… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“outbreak of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war was not a result of some global strategy, but of a set of specific, regional calculations and miscalculations;… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“But by any broad human rights criteria, the republican regimes of the region were responsible for far more killing, brutality, oppression and, often, corruption… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“person competent in fiqh is a faqih – generally a term of respect, but in modern Arabic usage also a term for (in politics… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“the past decade or more. The term originated in the film The Philadelphia” — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“the majority of women in the Muslim world across the ages, who worked in the fields, did not cover their faces and do not… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“the West, in violation of the April 1988 UN agreement on a Soviet withdrawal, continued to arm and finance the rebels and in the… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“the USSR, far from having engineered the April 1978 communist seizure of power in Kabul, and plotting then to send in troops as part… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“Following their withdrawal, the PDPA regime survived, only falling in April 1992 after the withdrawal of Russian financial support. The campaign of the counter-revolutionary… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“The ultimate irony of the influence of communism was that those who opposed it so ferociously – first the Ba‘th Party and then the… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“Yemen was, in the years prior to World War I, the ‘Vietnam’ of the Ottoman Empire, but not that of Egypt. In Yemen, Egypt… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“The most costly and protracted Middle East conflict of this era, the Iran-Iraq war of 1980–8, had nothing to do with the Cold War,… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
