“The ultimate irony of the influence of communism was that those who opposed it so ferociously – first the Ba‘th Party and then the Islamists – borrowed heavily from its ideological framework and organisational model. (For the influence of Marxism… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“The conclusion is that far from Kirkuk being the Kurdish Jerusalem, Jerusalem had become the Jewish and Arab Kirkuk, i.e. an overblown, chauvinist fetish,… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“outbreak of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war was not a result of some global strategy, but of a set of specific, regional calculations and miscalculations;… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“But by any broad human rights criteria, the republican regimes of the region were responsible for far more killing, brutality, oppression and, often, corruption… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“person competent in fiqh is a faqih – generally a term of respect, but in modern Arabic usage also a term for (in politics… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“the past decade or more. The term originated in the film The Philadelphia” — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“the majority of women in the Muslim world across the ages, who worked in the fields, did not cover their faces and do not… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“the West, in violation of the April 1988 UN agreement on a Soviet withdrawal, continued to arm and finance the rebels and in the… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“the USSR, far from having engineered the April 1978 communist seizure of power in Kabul, and plotting then to send in troops as part… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“Following their withdrawal, the PDPA regime survived, only falling in April 1992 after the withdrawal of Russian financial support. The campaign of the counter-revolutionary… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“The ultimate irony of the influence of communism was that those who opposed it so ferociously – first the Ba‘th Party and then the… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“Yemen was, in the years prior to World War I, the ‘Vietnam’ of the Ottoman Empire, but not that of Egypt. In Yemen, Egypt… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
“The most costly and protracted Middle East conflict of this era, the Iran-Iraq war of 1980–8, had nothing to do with the Cold War,… — Fred Halliday Copy Share Image
