“Therapy must begin with empathy - not a patronizing sympathy, but instead one that is unflinching (Marotta, 2003). Empathy of this sort… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
“If the therapist understands and does not take mistrust as personal affront, the therapeutic relationship can evolve gradually. The client can begin… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
“...some adolescent survivors describe feeling special, powerful, and sometimes entitled. This is especially true of those for whom excessive attention was part… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
“Trust of others is in short supply for many adult survivors, as complex trauma generally involves major relational betrayal. It is, therefore,… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
“... as Herman (1992b) cogently noted two decades ago, these personality disorders can be iatrogenic, causing harm to individuals as an inadvertent… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
“Kaffman (2009) described childhood victimization as a "silent epidemic", and Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, and Hamby (2010) reported that children are the most… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
“With regard to complex trauma survivors, self-determination and autonomy require that the therapist treat each client as the "authority" in determining the… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
“Thus polyvictimization or complex trauma are "developmentally adverse interpersonal traumas" (Ford, 2005) because they place the victim at risk not only for… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
“Many survivors of relational and other forms of early life trauma are deeply troubled and often struggle with feelings of anger, grief,… — Christine A. Courtois Copy Share Image
