“until the last quarter of the twentieth century, racially explicit policies of federal, state, and local governments defined where whites and African… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“Private discrimination also played a role, but it would have been considerably less effective had it not been embraced and reinforced by… — Richard Rothstein Discrimination Copy Share Image
“The core argument of this book is that African Americans were unconstitutionally denied the means and the right to integration in middle-class… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“We have created a caste system in this country, with African Americans kept exploited and geographically separate by racially explicit government policies.… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“In 1944, the G.I. Bill was adopted to support returning servicemen. The VA not only denied African Americans the mortgage subsidies to… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“The challenge is more difficult because low-income African Americans today confront not only segregation but also the income stagnation and blocked mobility… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“In 1866, Congress enforced the abolition of slavery by passing a Civil Rights Act, prohibiting actions that it deemed perpetuated the characteristics… — Richard Rothstein Abolition of slavery Copy Share Image
“At the time, the Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration not only refused to insure mortgages for African Americans in designated white… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“public housing was mostly for working- and lower-middle-class white families. It was not heavily subsidized, and tenants paid the full cost of… — Richard Rothstein Family Copy Share Image
“One of the most commonly used American history textbooks is The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century. A thousand-page volume, published by… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“If government had declined to build racially separate public housing in cities where segregation hadn’t previously taken root, and instead had scattered… — Richard Rothstein Federal government Copy Share Image
“If federal programs were not, even to this day, reinforcing racial isolation by disproportionately directing low-income African Americans who receive housing assistance… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“Just like Supreme Court justices, we as a nation have avoided contemplating remedies because we’ve indulged in the comfortable delusion that our… — Richard Rothstein Segregation Copy Share Image
“Some families evicted from the Flats settled in a segregated development, also created by the federal government, that later opened on the… — Richard Rothstein African american Copy Share Image
“Today’s residential segregation in the North, South, Midwest, and West is not the unintended consequence of individual choices and of otherwise well-meaning… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
