Cosmic Quote by Phillip E. Johnson
“According to the scientific naturalist version of cosmic history, nature is a permanently closed system of material effects that can never be influenced by something from outside - like God, for example.”
About This Quote
Source Book: The Origin of Species Revisited, 1991
The universe operates as a self‑contained system, leaving no room for external supernatural influence.
In simple terms: Nature is a closed system without outside impact.
Key Takeaway
Recognize limits of materialistic explanations.
Themes
science
materialism
atheism
Mood
analytical
skeptical
Type
philosophical
critical
When to use this quote
- debates on religion
- science education
- public policy
- ethical discussions
Key Concepts
cosmology
philosophy of mind
Questions to Reflect On
- What evidence could challenge a strictly closed system view?
A Different Perspective
Does this view fully account for human experience of meaning?
