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Background knowledge Quote by Norwood Russell Hanson

“The theory, hypothesis, framework, or background knowledge held by an investigator can strongly influence what is observed.” quote by Norwood Russell Hanson
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“The theory, hypothesis, framework, or background knowledge held by an investigator can strongly influence what is observed.”

Norwood Russell Hanson

About This Quote

Source Book: Patterns of Discovery, Thomas S. Kuhn, 1962

Researcher's expectations shape observations, biasing data interpretation.

In simple terms: Expectations affect what we see.

Key Takeaway

Check and challenge your assumptions.

Themes

science perception bias

Mood

critical reflective

Type

analytical philosophical

When to use this quote

  • laboratory research
  • field studies
  • data analysis
  • clinical trials

Key Concepts

epistemology observer effect

Questions to Reflect On

  • How do your beliefs shape your findings?
  • What steps can you take to reduce observer bias?
A Different Perspective

Bias can be mitigated with blind methods.

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