Effectiveness Quote by Lee Smolin

“This unification of forces and motion has a simple consequence. In a particle theory, you can freely add all kinds of forces, so there…

— Lee Smolin

“One field Faraday studied was the electric field. This is not a number but a vector, which we may visualize as an arrow and…

— Lee Smolin

“It is interesting to note that the quantum-mechanical revolution was made by a virtually orphaned generation of scientists. Many members of the generation above…

— Lee Smolin

“In fact, the particle-antiparticle annihilation and the closing of the string is necessary, if the theory is to be consistent with relativity, meaning the…

— Lee Smolin

Every string theory that's been written down says the speed of light is universal. But other ideas about quantum gravity predict the speed of…

— Lee Smolin

“Unfortunately, no one has ever successfully postulated a super-symmetry holding between two known particles. Instead, in all the supersymmetric theories the numbers of particles…

— Lee Smolin

Those who do good science do so because they choose problems that are suited to them.

— Lee Smolin

“Here's a simplified version of what the Stanford group did. They started with a much-studied kind of string theory-a flat four-dimensional spacetime with a…

— Lee Smolin

“The current crisis in particle physics springs from the fact that the theories have gone beyond the standard model in the last thirty years…

— Lee Smolin

“By the time I began my study of physics in the early 1970s, the idea of unifying gravity with the other forces was as…

— Lee Smolin

“These two discoveries, of relativity and of the quantum, each required us to break definitively with Newtonian physics. However, in spite of great progress…

— Lee Smolin

“So the challenge for any quantum theory of gravity is to give us a deeper understanding of Bekenstein's entropy and Hawking's temperature.”

— Lee Smolin