Democracies Quote by James Madison
““From this view of the subject it may be concluded that a pure democracy, by which I mean a society consisting of a small number of citizens, who assemble and administer the government in person, can admit of no cure for the mischiefs of faction. A common passion or interest will, in almost every case, be felt by a majority of the whole; a communication and concert result from the form of government itself; and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party or an obnoxious individual. Hence it is that such democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths. Theoretic politicians, who have patronized this species of government, have erroneously supposed that by reducing mankind to a perfect equality in their political rights, they would, at the same time, be perfectly equalized and assimilated in their possessions, their opinions, and their passions.””
About This Quote
Source Essay: The Federalist Papers, No. 10, 1787
Pure democracy with small citizen assemblies cannot prevent factional conflict, leading to instability and threats to property and security.
In simple terms: Small direct democracies are unstable due to factions.
Beware factionalism in direct governance.
Themes
Mood
Type
When to use this quote
- legislative design
- constitutional drafting
- civic education
- public debate
Key Concepts
Questions to Reflect On
- Can safeguards protect minorities in direct democracy?
- What institutional checks reduce factional harm?
Direct democracy may still be vulnerable to majority tyranny.