Empty space Quote by Henning Genz

““In microscopic systems-such as in an atom, a molecule, a crystal-this minimal energy means internal motion of its constituents. It is independent even of whether there is any matter at all in a given space volume, and can be found in its absence. The fact that the law of zero-point energy applies to a space that includes material objects, and also to a space that does not, implies that empty space is also filled with energy and its carriers; it also implies that all finite volumes are subject to fluctuations in energy. The smaller the volume, the larger the fluctuation. The volumes relevant to our normal experience are so large that the resulting energy fluctuations are below the level of observability. But the scientist dealing with very small volumes has to include energy fluctuations of the vacuum. This means that the differences between the macroscopic and the microscopic world extend not only to the properties of the objects under observation but also to those of the vacuum.””

— Henning Genz