Effect Country Quote by Ha-Joon Chang
““De-industrialization also has a negative effect on a country’s balance of payments because services are inherently more difficult to export than manufactured goods. A balance of payments deficit means that the country cannot ‘pay its way’ in the world. Of course, a country can plug the hole through foreign borrowing for a while, but eventually it will have to lower the value of its currency, thereby reducing its ability to import and thus its living standard.””
About This Quote
Source Book: Economics of Development, Ha-Joon Chang, 2010
De‑industrialization hurts a nation’s trade balance because services are harder to sell abroad than goods, leading to deficits that eventually force currency devaluation and lower living standards.
In simple terms: Losing manufacturing hurts trade and living standards.
Key Takeaway
Diversify exports and support manufacturing.
Themes
economics
trade
development
currency
living standards
Mood
concerned
analytical
Type
policy
economic
analytical
When to use this quote
- government policy
- business strategy
- education
- infrastructure investment
Key Concepts
industrial policy
balance of payments
exchange rates
structural change
Questions to Reflect On
- How can a country transition from manufacturing to service dominance?
- What policies protect living standards during de‑industrialization?
A Different Perspective
Relying on borrowing alone cannot sustain deficits.
![“Joseph Schumpeter emphasized that all analysis in economics is preceded by a pre-analytical cognitive act, called vision, in which the analyst ‘visualise[s] a distinct set of coherent phenomena as a worth-while object of [his] analytic efforts’. He pointed out that ‘this vision is ideological…” quote by Ha-Joon Chang](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/img-quotes/828/ha-joon-chang-3497_dreams_joseph-schumpeter-emphasized-that-all-an_438236.jpg)
