Now, don't get me wrong: I'm not rubbishing penal substitution. But there are other options that have been advocated by Reformed thinkers of the past. — Oliver D. Crisp Copy Share Image
[ Jonathan] Edwards is the person who really made theological determinism a serious option for Reformed thinkers, and the influence his views had in nineteenth century Reformed thought, in the USA and the UK in particular, is enormous. — Oliver D. Crisp Copy Share Image
![“[ Jonathan] Edwards is the person who really made theological determinism a serious option for Reformed thinkers, and the influence his views had in nineteenth century Reformed thought, in the USA and the UK in particular, is enormous.” quote by Oliver D. Crisp](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/img-quotes/ae4/oliver-d-crisp-12863_century_jonathan-edwards-is-the-person-who-reall_2794909.jpg)