It was not simply out of a spirit of contradiction that I exposed a light source to magnetic forces. The idea came to me during an investigation of the effect discovered by Kerr on light reflected by magnetic mirrors. — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
In the absence of a magnetic field the period of all these oscillations is the same. But as soon as the electron is exposed to the effect of a magnetic field, its motion changes. — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
The magnetic cleavage of the spectral lines is dependent on the size of the charge of the electron, or, more accurately, on the ratio… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
The rotation of the polarization plane is extraordinarily small in all gases, thus also in sodium vapour. — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
According to well-known electrodynamic laws, an electron moving in a magnetic field is acted upon by a force which runs perpendicular to the direction… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
I should point out, however, that at first some difficulty was experienced in observing the phenomena predicted by the theory, owing to the extreme… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
Moreover, photography has made it possible to fix these images and now provides us with a permanent record of each observed spectrum, which can… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
It was not simply out of a spirit of contradiction that I exposed a light source to magnetic forces. The idea came to me… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
In the absence of a magnetic field the period of all these oscillations is the same. But as soon as the electron is exposed… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
We studied the light source in the direction of the magnetic force, we perforated the poles of the magnet; but even in the direction… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
Nature gives us all, including Prof. Lorentz, surprises. It was very quickly found that there are many exceptions to the rule of splitting of… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
I count myself fortunate to be able to contribute to this work; and the great interest which the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
Now all oscillatory movements of such an electron can be conceived of as being split up into force, and two circular oscillations perpendicular to… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
Now if this electron is displaced from its equilibrium position, a force that is directly proportional to the displacement restores it like a pendulum… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
On the basis of Lorentz's theory, if we limit ourselves to a single spectral line, it suffices to assume that each atom (or molecule)… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
Had we really succeeded therefore in altering the period of vibration, which Maxwell, as I have just noted, held to be impossible? Or was… — Pieter Zeeman Copy Share Image
