“1. Close Friend, someone who got yo back, yo "main nigga." 2. Rooted in blackness and the Black experience. From a middle-aged social worker: "That Brotha ain like dem ol e-lights, he real, he a shonuff nigga" 3. Generic, neutral… — H. Sammy Alim and Geneva Smitherman Copy Share
“Black folk etymological theory posits that motherfucker was a term developed by the children of enslaved Africans in the United States. According to this theory, the neoligism was invented by these children as the best way to refer to white slavemasters, who enacted a particularly savage form of physical and sexual abuse on the bodies and spirits of Black women.… — H. Sammy Alim and Geneva Smitherman Copy Share
“1. Close Friend, someone who got yo back, yo "main nigga." 2. Rooted in blackness and the Black experience. From a middle-aged social worker: "That Brotha ain like dem ol e-lights, he real, he a shonuff nigga" 3. Generic, neutral refrence to African Americans. From a 30 something college educated Sista: "The party was live, it was wall to wall… — H. Sammy Alim and Geneva Smitherman Copy Share
“As with outlaw figures, in diverse musical and oral cultures throughout the world- Mexican corridos and Egyptian shaabi music, for example- Hip Hop's irreverence… — H. Sammy Alim and Geneva Smitherman Copy Share Image
“As social phenomena, languages are tied up in world of unequal power relations, gaining or losing status not based on technical linguistic grounds but… — H. Sammy Alim and Geneva Smitherman Copy Share Image
