That is why we may say that the historical development of capitalism has involved the thrust towards the commodification of everything. — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The very concept of universal formal education is a product (and a relatively late product) of the capitalist world-economy. — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
We can tentatively credit capitalist civilization with a positive, if very geographically uneven, record in the struggle against disease. — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The primary ideology that operated to create, socialize, and reproduce them was not the ideology of racism. It was that of universalism. — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Finally, states have monopolized, or sought to monopolize, armed force. — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
When systems come to be far from points of equilibrium, they reach bifurcation points, wherein multiple, as opposed to unique, solutions, to… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
What is surprising is that their ideological opponents, the Marxists - the anti-liberals, the representatives of the oppressed working classes - believed… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
I am suggesting that there is, and always has been, a rather high correlation between ethnicity and occupation/economic role throughout the various… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
A second variety concentrated on presumed major transformations of the capitalist system as of some recent point in time, in which the… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The mode of reconciling the promise of ever-increasing reward for the cadres and the demands of the working classes for a quid… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
We must distinguish between the kind of structural transformation that would leave in place (even increase) the realities of the exploitation of… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The concept that one ought to restrict one's political involvement to one's own state was deeply antithetical to those who were pursuing… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The break from the supposedly culturally-narrow religious bases of knowledge in favor of supposedly trans-cultural scientific bases of knowledge served as the… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
If we return to the two faces of individualism - individualism as the spur of energy, initiative, and imagination; and individualism as… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Scientific culture created a framework within which individual mobility was possible without threatening hierarchical work-force allocation. On the contrary, meritocracy reinforced hierarchy.… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Production for sale in a market in which the object is to realize the maximum profit is the essential feature of a… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Wars between states and people seem to have existed under all historical systems for as long as we have some recorded evidence.… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
“Far from being Eurocentric, my analysis "exoticizes" Europe. Europe is historically aberrant. In some ways this was a historical accident, not entirely… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
To those critics who see capitalism as a system of inegalitarian, oppressive structures, its defenders have vaunted its ability to recognize and… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
As a matter of law the states recognized no constraints on their legislative scope other than those that were self-imposed. Even where… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The second reason why we haven't observed the growing gap is that our historical and social science analyses have concentrated on what… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
For the other end of the spectrum, the 50 to 85 percent of the world's population who are not the recipients of… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
What is different in capitalist civilization has been two things. First, the process of meritocracy has been proclaimed as an official virtue… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
It is, let me say, at the very least by no means self-evident that there is more liberty, equality, and fraternity in… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
One by one, these governments came undone, and were forced into IMF tutelage (and national illegitimacy) by the careening oil prices, the… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
We seem to be in the midst of a process of cascading bifurcations that may last some 50 more years. We can… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
It seems to me the only pertinent question is: cui bono? It is clear that the size of the privileged strata as… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Are there still other possibilities? Of course there are. What is important to recognize is that all three historical options are really… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
So much were employers of wage-labor unenthusiastic about proletarianization that, in addition to fostering the gender age division of labor, they also… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Truth as a cultural ideal has functioned as an opiate, perhaps the only serious opiate of the modern world. Karl Marx said… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Communism is Utopia, that is nowhere. It is the avatar of all our religious eschatologies: the coming of the Messiah, the second… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
But even in the absence of direct interference by those who had the power to interfere, the process was usually aborted by… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The basic question that the 'new science' raises for our balance sheet is the issue of what scientific questions have not been… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
It is not surprising that liberals believed in progress. The idea of progress justified the entire transition from feudalism to capitalism. It… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
This argument has been codified in the twentieth century as meritocracy, in which those on top in the process of capitalist accumulation… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
What could me more plausible than a line of reasoning which argues that the explanation of the origin of a system was… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
It is this third consequence that has been elaborated in greatest detail and has formed one of the most significant pillars of… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
It is historically the case that virtually every new zone incorporated into the world-economy established levels of real remuneration which were at… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
“La science sociale di XIXe siecle nous a legue un terrible heritage, l'idee que els processus se divisent en trois champs separes: le politique,… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Uncertainty is wondrous, and.. certainty, were it to be real, would be moral death. — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
A second variety concentrated on presumed major transformations of the capitalist system as of some recent point in time, in which the whole earlier… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
I am suggesting that there is, and always has been, a rather high correlation between ethnicity and occupation/economic role throughout the various time-space zones… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The concept that one ought to restrict one's political involvement to one's own state was deeply antithetical to those who were pursuing the accumulation… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
One by one, these governments came undone, and were forced into IMF tutelage (and national illegitimacy) by the careening oil prices, the debt imbroglio,… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
The language of intrinsic human rights represented a significant advance beyond the previous language of world religions in terms of its universal applicability and… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Wars between states and people seem to have existed under all historical systems for as long as we have some recorded evidence. War is… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Production for sale in a market in which the object is to realize the maximum profit is the essential feature of a capitalist world-economy.… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
We seem to be in the midst of a process of cascading bifurcations that may last some 50 more years. We can be sure… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
Scientific culture created a framework within which individual mobility was possible without threatening hierarchical work-force allocation. On the contrary, meritocracy reinforced hierarchy. Finally, meritocracy… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
It is not surprising that liberals believed in progress. The idea of progress justified the entire transition from feudalism to capitalism. It legitimated the… — Immanuel Wallerstein Copy Share Image
