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If facts conflict with a theory, either the theory must be…

“If facts conflict with a theory, either the theory must be changed or the facts.” quote by Baruch Spinoza
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“If facts conflict with a theory, either the theory must be changed or the facts.”

Baruch Spinoza

About This Quote

This interpretation was drafted with AI assistance. It is one reading of the quote, not the author's own explanation.

When facts contradict theory, either the theory must adapt or the facts must be re‑examined.

In simple terms: Conflicting facts force theory change or fact reassessment.

Key Takeaway

Update beliefs when evidence shifts.

Themes

science logic theory evidence

Mood

analytical inquisitive

Type

philosophical educational

When to use this quote

  • research
  • education
  • policy development

Key Concepts

philosophy epistemology

Questions to Reflect On

  • When should you revise a theory?
  • How to test facts critically?
A Different Perspective

Resistance to change hinders progress.

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