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Aggregate Quote by Friedrich Engels

“In the second place, however, history is made in such a way that the final result always arises from conflicts between many individual wills, of which each in turn has been made what it is by a host of particular conditions of life. Thus there are innumerable intersecting forces, an infinite…” quote by Friedrich Engels
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““In the second place, however, history is made in such a way that the final result always arises from conflicts between many individual wills, of which each in turn has been made what it is by a host of particular conditions of life. Thus there are innumerable intersecting forces, an infinite series of parallelograms of forces which give rise to one resultant — the historical event. This may again itself be viewed as the product of a power which works as a whole unconsciously and without volition. For what each individual wills is obstructed by everyone else, and what emerges is something that no one willed. Thus history has proceeded hitherto in the manner of a natural process and is essentially subject to the same laws of motion. But from the fact that the wills of individuals — each of whom desires what he is impelled to by his physical constitution and external, in the last resort economic, circumstances (either his own personal circumstances or those of society in general) — do not attain what they want, but are merged into an aggregate mean, a common resultant, it must not be concluded that they are equal to zero. On the contrary, each contributes to the resultant and is to this extent included in it.””

Friedrich Engels

About This Quote

Source Book: The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1845

History results from many conflicting individual wills shaped by personal and societal conditions, producing outcomes no one intended.

In simple terms: Collective history emerges from many personal desires and constraints.

Key Takeaway

Recognize the power of collective forces.

Themes

history conflict collective will

Mood

thoughtful analytical

Type

philosophical historical

When to use this quote

  • policy making
  • social movements
  • education reform
  • community organizing

Key Concepts

social determinism agency systems theory

Questions to Reflect On

  • How do personal choices influence larger events?
  • Can we steer collective outcomes intentionally?
A Different Perspective

Individual intentions may be overridden by larger forces.

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