““Sound science is necessary for commons governance, but not sufficient. Too many strategies for governance of local commons are designed in capital cities or by donor agencies in ignorance of the state of the science and local conditions. The results are often tragic, but at least these tragedies are local. As the human footprint on the Earth enlarges (144), humanity is challenged to develop and deploy understanding of largescale commons governance quickly enough to avoid the large-scale tragedies that will otherwise ensue.””