“updates to the nation’s nuclear weapons policies represented just the third major shift in the Cold War; following Eisenhower’s “massive retaliation” and… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“In that war, the United States had created military forces so enormous as to defy description, yet now, when the nation’s greatest… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Power’s message was purposely broadcast in the clear—not encoded—to ensure that Soviets could eavesdrop and understand the stakes. His message was hardly… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Truman’s farewell address on January 15, 1953, delivered five days before he left the renovated White House, is to this day one… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Then, instead of relying on income and property taxes to fund the government and the nation’s war mobilization, planners suggested that it… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Ever since the Truman administration, official U.S. war plans assumed that the Soviets would begin a nuclear exchange by exploding smuggled nuclear… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“This blockade and political action, I see leading into war. I don’t see any other solution,” LeMay said to Kennedy in one… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“the weeks following the war’s end, Truman announced a redesign of the presidential flag—the first since the Wilson years. Chief among the… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Eisenhower was certain any war with the Soviet Union would become a nuclear war, and any nuclear war would escalate into a… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Humphrey had even visited the CASPER facility on multiple occasions under the cover of darkness during vacations at the Greenbrier. In 1970, after his… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“In many ways, after many decades, many billions of dollars, and countless advances in technology, the federal government’s basic plan to escape a catastrophe… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Kennedy, who had campaigned strongly on the “Missile Gap” issue, soon discovered as president that the Soviet Union didn’t have the 500 missiles feared—it… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Hundreds more staff could join the ship in an emergency. (One young Navy ROTC officer, Bob Woodward, who went on to be a prizewinning… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“waned. Efforts to protect civilian life fell by the wayside and a fourth and final grim phase of nuclear reality settled over the United… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“updates to the nation’s nuclear weapons policies represented just the third major shift in the Cold War; following Eisenhower’s “massive retaliation” and the “assured… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“The president called upon the Marine emergency evacuation helicopter that the White House Military Office had stationed nearby in the event of a surprise… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“things went quickly awry. Thermonuclear bombs were still not well understood and the weapon, code-named CASTLE BRAVO, turned out to be three times more… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“inside forget they were hiding in an underground bunker. Under normal circumstances, personnel approaching the PEOC would arrive at its locked vault door, located… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“literally rocketing into the sky at a seemingly impossible steep pitch as it activated for the first and only time in its history a… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“The commission also confronted one of the strangest and most nettlesome phrases in COG operations—a seemingly unnecessary aside in the language guiding presidential succession… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
“Court Clerk Harold Willey was dispatched by Warren to spend a fall weekend scouting Asheville for a possible relocation facility. “Because all large cities… — Garrett M. Graff Copy Share Image
