“Alan Turing’s halting problem: you can’t know if the cells will all die off without running the game until they do die off. Thus, Life, a two-state process governed by four rules, is computationally irreducible. Von Neumann designed the universal… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share
“Alan Turing’s halting problem: you can’t know if the cells will all die off without running the game until they do die off. Thus, Life, a two-state process governed by four rules, is computationally irreducible. Von Neumann designed the universal constructor with the objective of self-replication; Conway designed his cellular automaton without any specific objective in mind. But he observed,… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share
“One of the most important axioms is that as the quantity of any commodity, for instance plain food, which a man has to consume… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
“Baron Rothschild quipped that there are “three principal ways to lose your money: wine, women, and engineers. While the first two are more pleasant,… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
“The three-body problem illustrates how easy it is to run into computational irreducibility. It is a problem that borders on the trivial, yet it… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
“on March 28, 2007, Ben Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, stated to the Joint Economic Committee of Congress that “the impact on… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
“Mathematics works only with computationally reducible systems. Axioms and deductive logic are intended to provide shortcuts, to give general results that can compress a… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
“A sheet of paper has the words “The statement on the other side of this paper is true” written on one side and “The… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
“We can use the same model for pedestrians. The rules will be similar, in that movement will be dictated by the space available, but… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
“Linda is thirty-one years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student she was deeply concerned with issues of… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
“The term railway was to Victorian England what atomic or aerodynamic were to be after World War II, and network and virtual are today.… — Richard Bookstaber Copy Share Image
