“public housing was mostly for working- and lower-middle-class white families. It was not heavily subsidized, and tenants paid the full cost of operations with their rent. Public housing’s original purpose was to give shelter not to those too poor to… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“In 1866, Congress enforced the abolition of slavery by passing a Civil Rights Act, prohibiting actions that it deemed perpetuated the characteristics of slavery.… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“If federal programs were not, even to this day, reinforcing racial isolation by disproportionately directing low-income African Americans who receive housing assistance into the… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“We have created a caste system in this country, with African Americans kept exploited and geographically separate by racially explicit government policies. Although most… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“Private discrimination also played a role, but it would have been considerably less effective had it not been embraced and reinforced by government.” — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“until the last quarter of the twentieth century, racially explicit policies of federal, state, and local governments defined where whites and African Americans should… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“The core argument of this book is that African Americans were unconstitutionally denied the means and the right to integration in middle-class neighborhoods, and… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“Today’s residential segregation in the North, South, Midwest, and West is not the unintended consequence of individual choices and of otherwise well-meaning law or… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“If government had declined to build racially separate public housing in cities where segregation hadn’t previously taken root, and instead had scattered integrated developments… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“In 1944, the G.I. Bill was adopted to support returning servicemen. The VA not only denied African Americans the mortgage subsidies to which they… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“At the time, the Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration not only refused to insure mortgages for African Americans in designated white neighborhoods like… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“The challenge is more difficult because low-income African Americans today confront not only segregation but also the income stagnation and blocked mobility faced by… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“Some families evicted from the Flats settled in a segregated development, also created by the federal government, that later opened on the west side.… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
