Species Quotes by Francisco J. Ayala

1 Species quote by Francisco J. Ayala

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Insect resistance to a pesticide was first reported in 1947 for the Housefly (Musca domestica) with respect to DDT. Since then resistance to one or more pesticides has been reported in at least 225 species of insects and other arthropods.…

Francisco J. Ayala

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Insect resistance to a pesticide was first reported in 1947 for the Housefly (Musca domestica) with respect to DDT. Since then resistance to one or more pesticides has been reported in at least 225 species of insects and other arthropods. The genetic variants required for resistance to the most diverse kinds of pesticides were apparently present in every one of…

Francisco J. Ayala

A few years ago, they [Neandertals] were thought to be ancestral to anatomically modern humans, but now we know that modern humans appeared at least 100,000 years ago, much before the disappearance of the Neandertals. Moreover, in caves in the Middle East, fossils of modern humans have been found dated 120,000-100,000 years ago, as well as Neandertals dated at 60,000…

Francisco J. Ayala

It is probably fair to estimate the frequency of a majority of mutations, in higher organisms, between one in ten thousand and one in…

Francisco J. Ayala

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Toby Tyrrell unravels the various formulations of Gaia and explains how recent scientific developments bring the hypothesis into question. His criticisms are insightful, profound,…

Francisco J. Ayala

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A hypothesis is empirical or scientific only if it can be tested by experience. A hypothesis or theory which cannot be, at least in…

Francisco J. Ayala

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