“After all, in the nineteenth century, racists relied on phrenology, or the “science” of determining personality traits based on the shape of the head, to declare that people of color, Jews, and others had different minds. Thus, even having an… — Francione, Gary L Copy Share Image
“In sum, reliance on cognitive characteristics beyond sentience to justify the use of nonhumans in experiments requires either that we assume that these characteristics are morally relevant or that we ignore the fact that we do not regard the lack… — Francione, Gary L Copy Share Image
“Sentience is not an end in itself. It is a means to the end of staying alive. Sentient beings use sensations of pain and suffering to escape situations that threaten their lives and sensations of pleasure to pursue situations that enhance their lives. Just as humans will often endure excruciating pain in order to remain alive, animals will often not… — Francione, Gary L Copy Share
“Animal rights theory seeks to move at least some nonhumans from the “thing” side of the “person / thing” dualism over to the “person” side. There are at least two reasons to offer in favor of this move. First, there is no characteristic or set of characteristics that is possessed by all humans (whom we regard as persons) that is… — Francione, Gary L Copy Share
“After all, in the nineteenth century, racists relied on phrenology, or the “science” of determining personality traits based on the shape of the head,… — Francione, Gary L Copy Share Image
“In sum, reliance on cognitive characteristics beyond sentience to justify the use of nonhumans in experiments requires either that we assume that these characteristics… — Francione, Gary L Copy Share Image
“None of the writers suggest that rape may be morally permissible dependent on “contextual relations.” None of the writers suggest that the morality of… — Francione, Gary L Copy Share Image
“The problem with this game of special characteristics is that non-humans can never win. When we determine that parrots have the conceptual ability to… — Francione, Gary L Copy Share Image
