“Plaintext a might be represented in a long message by all 26 letters. Conversely, any given ciphertext letter might stand for any one of 26 plaintext letters.” — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“Hildegard von Bingen, an 11th-century nun who saw apocalyptic visions and was later canonized, had a cipher alphabet which she claimed came to her… — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“the most famous of all those who had an acquaintance with cryptology in the Middle Ages was an English customs official, amateur astronomer, and… — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“The task of the cryptanalysts consisted primarily of reconstructing the wiring and switches of the coding wheels—a task made more burdensome by the daily… — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“Analyzing the frequency and contacts of letters is the most universal, most basic of cryptanalytic procedures.” — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“General Joseph O. Mauborgne, who became Chief Signal Officer in October, 1937. Mauborgne had long been interested in cryptology. In 1914, as a young… — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“The only writer of the Middle Ages to describe cryptography instead of just using it was Roger Bacon, the English monk of startlingly modern… — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“Cryptology served magical purposes frequently throughout the Middle Ages, and even in the Renaissance was still disguising important parts of alchemical formulas.” — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“Ibn ad-Duraihim, according to Qalqashandi, gave seven systems of cipher:” — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“The technique was at least moderately well known, for Ibn Khaldūn wrote in The Muqaddimah: “Occasionally, skillful secretaries, though not the first to invent… — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“Cryptology was born among the Arabs. They were the first to discover and write down the methods of cryptanalysis. The people that exploded out… — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“Another steganographic system was still in use in the 20th century: Aeneas suggested pricking holes in a book or other document above or below… — David Kahn Copy Share Image
“Also of great importance in the discovery of linguistic phenomena that led to cryptanalysis was the development of lexicography.” — David Kahn Copy Share Image
![“The technique was at least moderately well known, for Ibn Khaldūn wrote in The Muqaddimah: “Occasionally, skillful secretaries, though not the first to invent a code [and with no previous knowledge of it], nonetheless find rules [for solving it] through combinations which they evolve for the…” quote by David Kahn](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/img-quotes/1d1/david-kahn-13896_programming_the-technique-was-at-least-moderately-we_657231.jpg)
