“The concept of citizenship was still novel in 1812, with the vast majority of people who were living in North America and Europe placing far more value on residency, race, ethnicity,” — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“The wars in Europe engulfed much of the world, precipitating and facilitating innumerable local conflicts in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, including the Haitian… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“the now-famous Cunards, who established their shipping business during the war and made their first transatlantic passenger voyage in 1813.” — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“Generally Americans held that citizenship was a choice and thus allowed naturalization, while Britain held that an individual’s subjection to the sovereign of the… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“The American and British governments invested heavily in the press, supporting official and unofficial organs, and high-ranking members routinely wrote articles and employed mercenary… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“the British government was thinking beyond the immediate war to a future in which a defeated United States could be hemmed in by an… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“American notaries, port authorities, local governments, customs officials, American diplomats in Britain, and British agents issued certificates, which varied wildly in reliability.” — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“After all, the two issues on which the United States formally declared war—America’s trade rights as a neutral in the ongoing European wars and… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“In March 1812 the British Caribbean press described how the British squadron based at Jamaica had earlier captured a “Haytian frigate.” In response, the… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“After all, the two issues on which the United States formally declared war—America’s trade rights as a neutral in the ongoing European wars and… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“The concept of citizenship was still novel in 1812, with the vast majority of people who were living in North America and Europe placing… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“The United States was undeniably imperialist in 1812. Within two generations it had doubled its size, dispossessing the native inhabitants of their land and… — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
“American-born families flowing into Upper Canada first as political refugees from the American Revolution and later as economic migrants.” — Troy Bickham Copy Share Image
