I thought to myself: What are the most important problems that society faces that I could contribute to? And it was clear… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Microbes such as bacteria and yeast use enzymes to make fuels from biomass. We use directed evolution to perfect those enzymes and… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
In the test tube, I can make any DNA I want, recombining it from monkeys, worms, anywhere. So I can explore new… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
I'm interested in using evolution to move forward into the future, to get biology to do a lot of new chemistry for… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
The code of life is like a Beethoven symphony. We have not yet learned how to write music like that. But evolution… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
I wanted to rewrite the code of life, to make new molecular machines that would solve human problems. — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
The DNA-encoded catalytic machinery of the cell can rapidly learn to promote new chemical reactions when we provide new reagents and the… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
Nature is solving all sorts of problems that we throw at her - how to degrade plastic bottles, how to degrade pesticides… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
My laboratory uses evolution to design new enzymes. No one really knows how to design them - they are tremendously complicated. But… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
We've been modifying the biological world at the level of DNA for thousands of years. Somehow there is this new fear of… — Frances Arnold Copy Share Image
The real frontier is making these hybrid systems where you expand the capabilities of biology with chemistry. — Frances Arnold Copy Share
Instead of studying what biology has already made, we have to imagine what biology could make. You can say, 'Oh, I want a cure… — Frances Arnold Copy Share
We are going to see a steady stream, I predict, of Nobel prizes coming out of chemistry and given to women. — Frances Arnold Copy Share
I decided that I wanted to become an engineer of the biological world, specifically a protein engineer. — Frances Arnold Copy Share
I get these students who come in and say, I want to help people. I say, people get plenty of help. Why don't you… — Frances Arnold Copy Share
Pittsburgh was a wonderful place to grow up - diverse and complex, one could go from one culture to a completely different one in… — Frances Arnold Copy Share
I wanted to rewrite the code of life, to make new molecular machines that would solve human problems. — Frances Arnold Copy Share
I was used to being the only woman in everything... I didn't even think about it. Men were my role models - there's nothing… — Frances Arnold Copy Share
To survive and even thrive in a changing world, nature offers another great lesson: the survivors are those who at the least adapt to… — Frances Arnold Copy Share
Enzymes are masters of chemistry. They evolved over billions of years to perform specific biological functions. They make complex materials with virtually no waste. — Frances Arnold Copy Share
This innovation machine that's evolution, we can use it to do all sorts of interesting things. — Frances Arnold Copy Share
Cellulose has physical and chemical properties that make it difficult to access and difficult to break down. — Frances Arnold Copy Share
