“In 1866, Congress enforced the abolition of slavery by passing a Civil Rights Act, prohibiting actions that it deemed perpetuated the characteristics of slavery. Actions that made African Americans second-class citizens, such as racial discrimination in housing, were included in… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“In 1866, Congress enforced the abolition of slavery by passing a Civil Rights Act, prohibiting actions that it deemed perpetuated the characteristics of slavery.… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“If federal programs were not, even to this day, reinforcing racial isolation by disproportionately directing low-income African Americans who receive housing assistance into the… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“We have created a caste system in this country, with African Americans kept exploited and geographically separate by racially explicit government policies. Although most… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“Private discrimination also played a role, but it would have been considerably less effective had it not been embraced and reinforced by government.” — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“until the last quarter of the twentieth century, racially explicit policies of federal, state, and local governments defined where whites and African Americans should… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“The core argument of this book is that African Americans were unconstitutionally denied the means and the right to integration in middle-class neighborhoods, and… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“Today’s residential segregation in the North, South, Midwest, and West is not the unintended consequence of individual choices and of otherwise well-meaning law or… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“If government had declined to build racially separate public housing in cities where segregation hadn’t previously taken root, and instead had scattered integrated developments… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“In 1944, the G.I. Bill was adopted to support returning servicemen. The VA not only denied African Americans the mortgage subsidies to which they… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“At the time, the Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration not only refused to insure mortgages for African Americans in designated white neighborhoods like… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“The challenge is more difficult because low-income African Americans today confront not only segregation but also the income stagnation and blocked mobility faced by… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
“Some families evicted from the Flats settled in a segregated development, also created by the federal government, that later opened on the west side.… — Richard Rothstein Copy Share Image
