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If you wish to upset the law that all crows are black, you…

“If you wish to upset the law that all crows are black, you mustn't seek to show that no crows are; it is enough if you prove one single crow to be white.” quote by William James
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“If you wish to upset the law that all crows are black, you mustn't seek to show that no crows are; it is enough if you prove one single crow to be white.”

William James

About This Quote

This interpretation was drafted with AI assistance. It is one reading of the quote, not the author's own explanation.

To refute a universal claim, providing a single counter‑example is sufficient; one exception disproves the rule.

In simple terms: One counter‑example disproves a universal claim.

Key Takeaway

Use specific evidence to challenge generalizations.

Themes

logic philosophy epistemology

Mood

analytical educational

Type

philosophical inspirational

When to use this quote

  • debate
  • science
  • law
  • education

Key Concepts

falsifiability critical thinking

Questions to Reflect On

  • What are limits of using single counter‑examples?
  • How does this principle apply to everyday judgments?
A Different Perspective

Some may argue broader evidence is needed.

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