---
title: "Meaning & Key Takeaway of: Intellectualism—the conception of man as…"
description: "\"“Intellectualism—the conception of man as above all a thinking animal, consciously adapting means to rationally chosen ends—fell sick with Rousseau, to..."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/971/will-durant-948_schopenhauer_intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as_95016.png"
---

#  Intellectualism—the conception of man as above all a…

![“Intellectualism—the conception of man as above all a thinking animal, consciously adapting means to rationally chosen ends—fell sick with Rousseau, took to its bed with Kant, and died with Schopenhauer.” quote by Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/971/will-durant-948_schopenhauer_intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as_95016.png)   [Download](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/971/will-durant-948_schopenhauer_intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as_95016.png) [Open image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/971/will-durant-948_schopenhauer_intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as_95016.png)

> ““Intellectualism—the conception of man as above all a thinking animal, consciously adapting means to rationally chosen ends—fell sick with Rousseau, took to its bed with Kant, and died with Schopenhauer.””

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

## About This Quote

This interpretation was drafted with AI assistance. It is one reading of the quote, not the author's own explanation.

Intellectualism, once a lofty view of humanity as rational beings, has been eroded by successive philosophers, ending in pessimism.

**In simple terms:** Intellectualism's decline

Key Takeaway

Rational idealism waned

Themes

philosophy intellectual history rationalism pessimism

Mood

critical thoughtful

Type

quote historical commentary

When to use this quote

- academic curricula
- cultural criticism
- personal worldview

Key Concepts

intellectualism Rousseau Kant Schopenhauer

Practical Applications

- teaching the evolution of ideas
- informing debates on rationality

Questions to Reflect On

- What does the decline of intellectualism imply for modern society?
- Can rationalism be revived?

★ ★ ★ ★ ★   No ratings yet

[Died Schopenhauer](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/died-schopenhauer-1169752/) [Intellectualism Conception](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/intellectualism-conception-1169758/) [Kant Died](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/kant-died-1169754/) [Schopenhauer](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/schopenhauer/) [Sick Rousseau](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/sick-rousseau-1169756/)

## Related quotes

> [The brain, Schopenhauer says, is the 'one great tool' that has enabled a creature endowed with neither sharp teeth nor claws to survive in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/julian-young/the-brain-schopenhauer-says-is-the-one-great-tool-that-has-enabled-a/)

[Julian Young](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/julian-young/)

> [Schopenhauer's thought that Will is insatiable, that once satisfied in one form it must be expressed in new desires, is inherited both by Mann…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/philip-kitcher/schopenhauer-s-thought-that-will-is-insatiable-that-once-satisfied-in/)

[Philip Kitcher](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/philip-kitcher/)

> [Mann was profoundly influenced by two philosophers, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, who returned to the most ancient of all philosophical questions - "How to live?"…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/philip-kitcher/mann-was-profoundly-influenced-by-two-philosophers-schopenhauer-and/)

[Philip Kitcher](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/philip-kitcher/)

> [“I bear within me the seed, the rudiments, the possibility of life's capacities and endeavors. Where might I be, if I were not here?…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/thomas-mann/i-bear-within-me-the-seed-the-rudiments-the-possibility-of-life-s/)

[Thomas Mann](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/thomas-mann/)

> [“By conceiving of love as biologically inevitable, key to the continuation of the species, Schopenhauer's theory of the will invites us to adopt a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alain-de-botton/by-conceiving-of-love-as-biologically-inevitable-key-to-the/)

[Alain de Botton](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alain-de-botton/)

> [“It would be easy, however, to exaggerate the havoc wrought by such artificial conditions. The monotony we observe in mankind must not be charged…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-santayana/it-would-be-easy-however-to-exaggerate-the-havoc-wrought-by-such/)

[George Santayana](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-santayana/)

> [I do not at all believe in human freedom in the philosophical sense... Schopenhauer’s saying, ‘A man can do what he wants, but not…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/albert-einstein/i-do-not-at-all-believe-in-human-freedom-in-the-philosophical-sense/)

[Albert Einstein](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/albert-einstein/)

> [“Life was indeed cruel; but it was better to glorify the Will than deny it.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-gray/life-was-indeed-cruel-but-it-was-better-to-glorify-the-will-than-deny/)

[John Gray](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-gray/)

> [It's as if, for Schopenhauer and perhaps Kant, the mind is there up and running, equipped with its categories and concepts that it then…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-e-cooper/it-s-as-if-for-schopenhauer-and-perhaps-kant-the-mind-is-there-up-and/)

[David E. Cooper](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-e-cooper/)

> [The balance between literature and philosophy in Schopenhauer and Nietzsche is different from that struck in the novella, but, as Mann clearly pointed out…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/philip-kitcher/the-balance-between-literature-and-philosophy-in-schopenhauer-and/)

[Philip Kitcher](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/philip-kitcher/)

> [“It follows from Schopenhauer’s analysis that evert genuine work of art must have its origin in direct perception; that is to say it does…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/bryan-magee/it-follows-from-schopenhauer-s-analysis-that-evert-genuine-work-of/)

[Bryan Magee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/bryan-magee/)

> [“You say you're a pessimist, but I happen to know that you're in the habit of practicing your flute for two hours every evening.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/friedrich-nietzsche/you-say-you-re-a-pessimist-but-i-happen-to-know-that-you-re-in-the/)

[Friedrich Nietzsche](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/friedrich-nietzsche/)

> [“The will has no overall purpose, aims at no highest good, and can never be satisfied. Although it is our essence, it strikes us…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/christopher-janaway/the-will-has-no-overall-purpose-aims-at-no-highest-good-and-can-never/)

[Christopher Janaway](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/christopher-janaway/)

> [“In the second Unzeitgemäße Betrachtung Nietzsche speaks about “individuals who form a kind of bridge over the wild stream of becoming” and live in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/heinrich-meier/in-the-second-unzeitgema-e-betrachtung-nietzsche-speaks-about/)

[Heinrich Meier](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/heinrich-meier/)

> [“When it comes to Schopenhauer, I think I need a To-Go box.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/jarod-kintz/when-it-comes-to-schopenhauer-i-think-i-need-a-to-go-box/)

[Jarod Kintz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/jarod-kintz/)

## More by Will Durant

> [I came to think of myself, not as a dance and chaos of molecules, but as a brief and minute portion of that majestic…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/i-came-to-think-of-myself-not-as-a-dance-and-chaos-of-molecules-but/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [“This is the tragedy of almost every civilization—that its soul is in its faith, and seldom survives philosophy.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/this-is-the-tragedy-of-almost-every-civilization-that-its-soul-is-in/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/education-is-a-progressive-discovery-of-our-own-ignorance/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [In philosophy, as in politics, the longest distance between two points is a straight line.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/in-philosophy-as-in-politics-the-longest-distance-between-two-points/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [As long as there is poverty there will be gods.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/as-long-as-there-is-poverty-there-will-be-gods/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [“Hence the uselessness of logic: no one ever convinced anybody by logic; and even logicians use logic only as a source of income. To…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/hence-the-uselessness-of-logic-no-one-ever-convinced-anybody-by-logic/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [“It is a mistake to think that the past is dead. Nothing that has ever happened is quite without influence at this moment. The…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/it-is-a-mistake-to-think-that-the-past-is-dead-nothing-that-has-ever/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [“There is hardly an absurdity of the past that cannot be found flourishing somewhere in the present. Underneath all civilization, ancient or modern, moved…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/there-is-hardly-an-absurdity-of-the-past-that-cannot-be-found/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [The Islamic conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history. It is a discouraging tale, for its evident moral is that civilization…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/the-islamic-conquest-of-india-is-probably-the-bloodiest-story-in/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [“All those fascinating varieties of terrain—mountains and valleys, fiords and straits, gulfs and streams—that make Europe a panorama of diverse delight, have broken the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/all-those-fascinating-varieties-of-terrain-mountains-and-valleys/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [“To be great is not to be placed above humanity, ruling others; but to stand above the partialities and futilities of uninformed desire, and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/to-be-great-is-not-to-be-placed-above-humanity-ruling-others-but-to/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [“privately he composed—in French—a poem expressing his pleasure at having given the French a kick in the cul, which Carlyle delicately translated as “the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/privately-he-composed-in-french-a-poem-expressing-his-pleasure-at/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [ “\[N\]o language has ever had a word for a virgin man.” ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/n-o-language-has-ever-had-a-word-for-a-virgin-man/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [“And in the individual too, justice is effective coördination, the harmonious functioning of the elements in a man, each in its fit place and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/and-in-the-individual-too-justice-is-effective-co-rdination-the/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

> [Every science begins as philosophy and ends as art; it arises in hypothesis and flows into achievement.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/every-science-begins-as-philosophy-and-ends-as-art-it-arises-in/)

[Will Durant](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

[Explore all 320 Will Durant quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/)

## More Schopenhauer quotes

> [The brain, Schopenhauer says, is the 'one great tool' that has enabled a creature endowed with neither sharp teeth nor claws to survive in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/julian-young/the-brain-schopenhauer-says-is-the-one-great-tool-that-has-enabled-a/)

[Julian Young](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/julian-young/)

> [“In the second Unzeitgemäße Betrachtung Nietzsche speaks about “individuals who form a kind of bridge over the wild stream of becoming” and live in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/heinrich-meier/in-the-second-unzeitgema-e-betrachtung-nietzsche-speaks-about/)

[Heinrich Meier](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/heinrich-meier/)

> [“The will has no overall purpose, aims at no highest good, and can never be satisfied. Although it is our essence, it strikes us…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/christopher-janaway/the-will-has-no-overall-purpose-aims-at-no-highest-good-and-can-never/)

[Christopher Janaway](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/christopher-janaway/)

> [“You say you're a pessimist, but I happen to know that you're in the habit of practicing your flute for two hours every evening.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/friedrich-nietzsche/you-say-you-re-a-pessimist-but-i-happen-to-know-that-you-re-in-the/)

[Friedrich Nietzsche](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/friedrich-nietzsche/)

> [“It follows from Schopenhauer’s analysis that evert genuine work of art must have its origin in direct perception; that is to say it does…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/bryan-magee/it-follows-from-schopenhauer-s-analysis-that-evert-genuine-work-of/)

[Bryan Magee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/bryan-magee/)

> [The balance between literature and philosophy in Schopenhauer and Nietzsche is different from that struck in the novella, but, as Mann clearly pointed out…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/philip-kitcher/the-balance-between-literature-and-philosophy-in-schopenhauer-and/)

[Philip Kitcher](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/philip-kitcher/)

> [It's as if, for Schopenhauer and perhaps Kant, the mind is there up and running, equipped with its categories and concepts that it then…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-e-cooper/it-s-as-if-for-schopenhauer-and-perhaps-kant-the-mind-is-there-up-and/)

[David E. Cooper](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-e-cooper/)

> [“Life was indeed cruel; but it was better to glorify the Will than deny it.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-gray/life-was-indeed-cruel-but-it-was-better-to-glorify-the-will-than-deny/)

[John Gray](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-gray/)

> [I do not at all believe in human freedom in the philosophical sense... Schopenhauer’s saying, ‘A man can do what he wants, but not…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/albert-einstein/i-do-not-at-all-believe-in-human-freedom-in-the-philosophical-sense/)

[Albert Einstein](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/albert-einstein/)

> [“It would be easy, however, to exaggerate the havoc wrought by such artificial conditions. The monotony we observe in mankind must not be charged…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-santayana/it-would-be-easy-however-to-exaggerate-the-havoc-wrought-by-such/)

[George Santayana](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-santayana/)

> [“By conceiving of love as biologically inevitable, key to the continuation of the species, Schopenhauer's theory of the will invites us to adopt a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alain-de-botton/by-conceiving-of-love-as-biologically-inevitable-key-to-the/)

[Alain de Botton](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alain-de-botton/)

> [“I bear within me the seed, the rudiments, the possibility of life's capacities and endeavors. Where might I be, if I were not here?…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/thomas-mann/i-bear-within-me-the-seed-the-rudiments-the-possibility-of-life-s/)

[Thomas Mann](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/thomas-mann/)

> [Mann was profoundly influenced by two philosophers, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, who returned to the most ancient of all philosophical questions - "How to live?"…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/philip-kitcher/mann-was-profoundly-influenced-by-two-philosophers-schopenhauer-and/)

[Philip Kitcher](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/philip-kitcher/)

> [Schopenhauer's thought that Will is insatiable, that once satisfied in one form it must be expressed in new desires, is inherited both by Mann…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/philip-kitcher/schopenhauer-s-thought-that-will-is-insatiable-that-once-satisfied-in/)

[Philip Kitcher](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/philip-kitcher/)

> [“When it comes to Schopenhauer, I think I need a To-Go box.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/jarod-kintz/when-it-comes-to-schopenhauer-i-think-i-need-a-to-go-box/)

[Jarod Kintz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/jarod-kintz/)

[Browse all 99 Schopenhauer quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/schopenhauer/)

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@graph": [
        {
            "@type": "Quotation",
            "text": "“Intellectualism—the conception of man as above all a thinking animal, consciously adapting means to rationally chosen ends—fell sick with Rousseau, took to its bed with Kant, and died with Schopenhauer.”",
            "creator": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Will Durant"
            },
            "isPartOf": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website"
            },
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as-above-all-a-thinking-animal/",
            "about": {
                "@type": "Thing",
                "name": "Schopenhauer"
            },
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as-above-all-a-thinking-animal/#quotation",
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/971/will-durant-948_schopenhauer_intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as_95016.png",
                "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/971/will-durant-948_schopenhauer_intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as_95016.png",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/971/will-durant-948_schopenhauer_intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as_95016.png",
                "width": 1080,
                "height": 1080,
                "caption": "“Intellectualism—the conception of man as above all a thinking animal, consciously adapting means to…” — Will Durant",
                "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                "creator": {
                    "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
            "itemListElement": [
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 1,
                    "name": "Home",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 2,
                    "name": "Quotes",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 3,
                    "name": "Will Durant",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/will-durant/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 4,
                    "name": "“Intellectualism—the conception of man as above...",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as-above-all-a-thinking-animal/"
                }
            ],
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/will-durant/intellectualism-the-conception-of-man-as-above-all-a-thinking-animal/#breadcrumb"
        },
        {
            "@type": "WebSite",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "publisher": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Organization",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "logo": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/themes/sq/assets/icons/icon-512.png",
                "width": 512,
                "height": 512
            }
        }
    ]
}
```
