---
title: "Meaning & Key Takeaway of: By the end of this decade, permutations…"
description: "\"“By the end of this decade, permutations and combinations of genetic variants will be used to predict variations in human phenotype, illness, and desti..."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/df6/siddhartha-mukherjee-1619_evolution_by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-a_2032798.png"
---

#  By the end of this decade, permutations and combinations…

![“By the end of this decade, permutations and combinations of genetic variants will be used to predict variations in human phenotype, illness, and destiny. Some diseases might never be amenable to such a genetic test, but perhaps the severest variants of schizophrenia or heart disease, or the most…” quote by Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/df6/siddhartha-mukherjee-1619_evolution_by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-a_2032798.png)   [Download](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/df6/siddhartha-mukherjee-1619_evolution_by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-a_2032798.png) [Open image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/df6/siddhartha-mukherjee-1619_evolution_by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-a_2032798.png)

> ““By the end of this decade, permutations and combinations of genetic variants will be used to predict variations in human phenotype, illness, and destiny. Some diseases might never be amenable to such a genetic test, but perhaps the severest variants of schizophrenia or heart disease, or the most penetrant forms of familial cancer, say, will be predictable by the combined effect of a handful of mutations. And once an understanding of "process" has been built into predictive algorithms, the interactions between various gene variants could be used to compute ultimate effects on a whole host of physical and mental characteristics beyond disease alone. Computational algorithms could determine the probability of the development of heart disease or asthma or sexual orientation and assign a level of relative risk for various fates to each genome. The genome will thus be read not in absolutes, but in likelihoods-like a report card that does not contain grades but probabilities, or a resume that does not list past experiences but future propensities. It will become a manual for previvorship.””

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

## About This Quote

This interpretation was drafted with AI assistance. It is one reading of the quote, not the author's own explanation.

Genetic data will shift from fixed diagnoses to probabilistic predictions of health, behavior, and destiny, turning genomes into risk profiles rather than certainties.

**In simple terms:** Genes will predict probabilities, not certainties.

Key Takeaway

Embrace probabilistic health planning.

Themes

genomics prediction ethics future medicine personalized risk

Mood

cautious optimistic reflective

Type

philosophical inspirational ethical

When to use this quote

- clinical counseling
- insurance underwriting
- personalized lifestyle planning
- research design
- public policy

Key Concepts

polygenic risk scores probabilistic modeling bioinformatics precision health sociogenomics

Questions to Reflect On

- How should society balance predictive power with privacy?
- What safeguards are needed for probabilistic health data?

A Different Perspective

Predictive models may reinforce inequality or privacy concerns.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★   No ratings yet

[Combinations Genetic](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/combinations-genetic-3743097/) [Disease Computational](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/disease-computational-3743096/) [Evolution](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/evolution/) [Genetic](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/genetic/) [Genetic Variants](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/genetic-variants-861073/) [Heart disease](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/heart-disease/) [Predictive Algorithms](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/predictive-algorithms-2166150/)

## Related quotes

> [Some genetic variants can be informative about one's risk for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anne-wojcicki/some-genetic-variants-can-be-informative-about-one-s-risk-for/)

[Anne Wojcicki](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anne-wojcicki/)

> [As our understanding of fraud evolves, we might one day be able to develop predictive algorithms that could identify would-be con artists based on…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/maria-konnikova/as-our-understanding-of-fraud-evolves-we-might-one-day-be-able-to/)

[Maria Konnikova](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/maria-konnikova/)

> [In order to create predictive algorithms, you need to have a training set. So, that training set is created through our quantitative surveys. Those…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/brittany-kaiser/in-order-to-create-predictive-algorithms-you-need-to-have-a-training/)

[Brittany Kaiser](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/brittany-kaiser/)

> [“Americans may already have begun adapting genetically to the American environment in the several generations since their ancestors arrived in the United States. The…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/nicholas-wade/americans-may-already-have-begun-adapting-genetically-to-the-american/)

[Nicholas Wade](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/nicholas-wade/)

> [Some genetic variants can be informative about ones risk for Parkinsons disease and Alzheimers disease.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anne-wojcicki/some-genetic-variants-can-be-informative-about-ones-risk-for/)

[Anne Wojcicki](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anne-wojcicki/)

> [“Genetic variants representation, annotation and prioritization in the post-GWAS era. Cell Res. 2012”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anonymous/genetic-variants-representation-annotation-and-prioritization-in-the/)

[Anonymous](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anonymous/)

> [Is there something in my genetic makeup that makes me more at risk for heart disease? I believe there is. My father was the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/corbin-bernsen/is-there-something-in-my-genetic-makeup-that-makes-me-more-at-risk/)

[Corbin Bernsen](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/corbin-bernsen/)

> [“the popular conception of the gene as a simple causal agent is not valid. The idea that there is a gene for adventurousness, heart…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/eva-jablonka/the-popular-conception-of-the-gene-as-a-simple-causal-agent-is-not/)

[Eva Jablonka](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/eva-jablonka/)

> [In the laboratory, we call this the six-degrees-of-separation-from-cancer rule: you can ask any biological question, no matter how seemingly distant-what makes the heart fail,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/in-the-laboratory-we-call-this-the-six-degrees-of-separation-from/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“When most people had to hunt, a minor genetic variation in your ability to focus attention was hardly a problem, and may even have…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/when-most-people-had-to-hunt-a-minor-genetic-variation-in-your/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“The first result of this randomized trial was predictable from prior studies: in the control group, children with the short variant-i.e., the "high risk"…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/the-first-result-of-this-randomized-trial-was-predictable-from-prior/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“worms age, or even how birds learn songs—and you will end up, in fewer than six genetic steps, connecting with a proto-oncogene or tumor…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/worms-age-or-even-how-birds-learn-songs-and-you-will-end-up-in-fewer/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“In 2010, about six hundred thousand Americans, and more than 7 million humans around the world, will die of cancer. In the United States,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/in-2010-about-six-hundred-thousand-americans-and-more-than-7-million/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [Although self-control is inheritable and does run in families and has a genetic component, it's more like height than anything else. Height is one…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/terrie-moffitt/although-self-control-is-inheritable-and-does-run-in-families-and-has/)

[Terrie Moffitt](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/terrie-moffitt/)

> [“The global population of Earth are involved in the following corporate government experiments: The long term effects of - 1. Nuclear bomb fallout radiation.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/steven-magee/the-global-population-of-earth-are-involved-in-the-following/)

[Steven Magee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/steven-magee/)

## More by Siddhartha Mukherjee

> [Most days, I go home and I feel rejuvenated. I feel ebullient.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/most-days-i-go-home-and-i-feel-rejuvenated-i-feel-ebullient/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“A note of caution: epigenetics is also on the verge of transforming into a dangerous idea. Epigenetic modifications of genes can potentially superpose historical…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/a-note-of-caution-epigenetics-is-also-on-the-verge-of-transforming/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [When you immerse yourself in medicine you realise that hope is not absolute. It's not that simple.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/when-you-immerse-yourself-in-medicine-you-realise-that-hope-is-not/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“I had a novice's hunger for history, but also a novice's inability to envision it.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/i-had-a-novice-s-hunger-for-history-but-also-a-novice-s-inability-to/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“Any extrapolation of history into the future presupposes an environment of static discovery—an oxymoron.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/any-extrapolation-of-history-into-the-future-presupposes-an/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“Six decades and two years, no more than a passing glance of time, separate Mendel's initial experiments on peas and the court-mandated sterilization of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/six-decades-and-two-years-no-more-than-a-passing-glance-of-time/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“We now know that cells have ancient detectors that recognize viral genes and stamp them with chemical marks, like cancellation signs, to prevent their…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/we-now-know-that-cells-have-ancient-detectors-that-recognize-viral/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“Familial schizophrenia (like normal human features such as intelligence and temperament) is thus highly heritable but only moderately inheritable. In other words, genes-hereditary determinants-are…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/familial-schizophrenia-like-normal-human-features-such-as/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“If you prefer an “academic life” as a retreat from reality, do not go into biology. This field is for a man or woman…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/if-you-prefer-an-academic-life-as-a-retreat-from-reality-do-not-go/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“But the pigs--seventy pounds of porcine weight that did not take kindly to weekly endoscopies--did not sprout any ulcers. And testing the theory on…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/but-the-pigs-seventy-pounds-of-porcine-weight-that-did-not-take/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“One of the four genes used by Yamanaka to reverse cellular fate is called c-myc. Myc, the rejuvenating factor, is no ordinary gene: it…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/one-of-the-four-genes-used-by-yamanaka-to-reverse-cellular-fate-is/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [A breast cancer might turn out to have a close resemblance to a gastric cancer. And this kind of reorganization of cancer in terms…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/a-breast-cancer-might-turn-out-to-have-a-close-resemblance-to-a/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“But in 1960, oncology was not yet ready for this proposal. Not until several years later did it strike the board that had fired…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/but-in-1960-oncology-was-not-yet-ready-for-this-proposal-not-until/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“Mutants are necessary to maintain the essence of our selves. Our genomes has negotiated a fragile balance between counterpoised forces, pairing strand with opposite…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/mutants-are-necessary-to-maintain-the-essence-of-our-selves-our/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

> [“Even an ancient monster needs a name. To name an illness is to describe a certain condition of suffering—a literary act before it becomes…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/even-an-ancient-monster-needs-a-name-to-name-an-illness-is-to/)

[Siddhartha Mukherjee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

[Explore all 213 Siddhartha Mukherjee quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/)

## More Evolution quotes

> [I rap when I'm rich. I rap when I'm broke. I rap when I'm bullshit in the street. I rap about only having one…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/killer-mike/i-rap-when-i-m-rich-i-rap-when-i-m-broke-i-rap-when-i-m-bullshit-in/)

[Killer Mike](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/killer-mike/)

> [At the deepest level, all living things that have ever been looked at have the same DNA code. And many of the same genes.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-dawkins/at-the-deepest-level-all-living-things-that-have-ever-been-looked-at/)

[Richard Dawkins](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-dawkins/)

> [“A question for Christians who accept evolution: When did we gain a "soul"? Did Homo habilis have a soul? Homo ergaster? Did God only…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-g-mcafee/a-question-for-christians-who-accept-evolution-when-did-we-gain-a/)

[David G. McAfee](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-g-mcafee/)

> [If the polymer chain assumes a helicoidal conformation in the crystalline state, and if it does not contain asymmetric carbon atoms, it can be…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/giulio-natta/if-the-polymer-chain-assumes-a-helicoidal-conformation-in-the/)

[Giulio Natta](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/giulio-natta/)

> [“Genetics is a science full of gods, Mr. Sanchez.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/valeria-luiselli/genetics-is-a-science-full-of-gods-mr-sanchez/)

[Valeria Luiselli](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/valeria-luiselli/)

> [We became Homo sapiens not that long ago, from the scientific perspective, and we've retained a lot of our beast nature. We've done all…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wangechi-mutu/we-became-homo-sapiens-not-that-long-ago-from-the-scientific/)

[Wangechi Mutu](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/wangechi-mutu/)

> [Guns have little or nothing to do with juvenile violence. The causes of youth violence are working parents who put their kids into daycare,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/tom-delay/guns-have-little-or-nothing-to-do-with-juvenile-violence-the-causes/)

[Tom DeLay](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/tom-delay/)

> [The fact -- not theory -- that evolution has occurred and the Darwinian theory as to how it occurred have become so confused in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-gaylord-simpson/the-fact-not-theory-that-evolution-has-occurred-and-the-darwinian/)

[George Gaylord Simpson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-gaylord-simpson/)

> [Perhaps no order of mammals presents us with so extraordinary a series of gradations as this \[step by step, from humans to apes to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/thomas-huxley/perhaps-no-order-of-mammals-presents-us-with-so-extraordinary-a/)

[Thomas Huxley](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/thomas-huxley/)

> [Evolution happens in jumps, very rapidly.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/marilyn-ferguson/evolution-happens-in-jumps-very-rapidly/)

[Marilyn Ferguson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/marilyn-ferguson/)

> [The true nature of soul is right knowledge, right faith and right conduct. The soul, so long as it is subject to transmigration, is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/virchand-gandhi/the-true-nature-of-soul-is-right-knowledge-right-faith-and-right/)

[Virchand Gandhi](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/virchand-gandhi/)

> [“Toshiaki learned that all living organisms were governed by their DNA. He was impressed by perfection of this system.Why did existence have the ability…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/hideaki-sena/toshiaki-learned-that-all-living-organisms-were-governed-by-their-dna/)

[Hideaki Sena](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/hideaki-sena/)

> [The shelves of many evangelicals are full of books that point out the flaws in evolution, discuss it only as a theory, and almost…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/francis-collins/the-shelves-of-many-evangelicals-are-full-of-books-that-point-out-the/)

[Francis Collins](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/francis-collins/)

> [I'm all about evolution. I'm the first person to judge myself.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/the-weeknd/i-m-all-about-evolution-i-m-the-first-person-to-judge-myself/)

[The Weeknd](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/the-weeknd/)

> [The next evolution of content marketing is not more content; it's better distribution.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/chris-penn/the-next-evolution-of-content-marketing-is-not-more-content-it-s/)

[Chris Penn](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/chris-penn/)

[Browse all 6,185 Evolution quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/evolution/)

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@graph": [
        {
            "@type": "Quotation",
            "text": "“By the end of this decade, permutations and combinations of genetic variants will be used to predict variations in human phenotype, illness, and destiny. Some diseases might never be amenable to such a genetic test, but perhaps the severest variants of schizophrenia or heart disease, or the most penetrant forms of familial cancer, say, will be predictable by the combined effect of a handful of mutations. And once an understanding of \"process\" has been built into predictive algorithms, the interactions between various gene variants could be used to compute ultimate effects on a whole host of physical and mental characteristics beyond disease alone. Computational algorithms could determine the probability of the development of heart disease or asthma or sexual orientation and assign a level of relative risk for various fates to each genome. The genome will thus be read not in absolutes, but in likelihoods-like a report card that does not contain grades but probabilities, or a resume that does not list past experiences but future propensities. It will become a manual for previvorship.”",
            "creator": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Siddhartha Mukherjee"
            },
            "isPartOf": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website"
            },
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-and-combinations-of-genetic/",
            "about": {
                "@type": "Thing",
                "name": "Evolution"
            },
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-and-combinations-of-genetic/#quotation",
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/df6/siddhartha-mukherjee-1619_evolution_by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-a_2032798.png",
                "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/df6/siddhartha-mukherjee-1619_evolution_by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-a_2032798.png",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/df6/siddhartha-mukherjee-1619_evolution_by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-a_2032798.png",
                "width": 1080,
                "height": 1080,
                "caption": "“By the end of this decade, permutations and combinations of genetic variants will be used to predict…” — Siddhartha Mukherjee",
                "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                "creator": {
                    "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
            "itemListElement": [
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 1,
                    "name": "Home",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 2,
                    "name": "Quotes",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 3,
                    "name": "Siddhartha Mukherjee",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/siddhartha-mukherjee/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 4,
                    "name": "“By the end of this decade,...",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-and-combinations-of-genetic/"
                }
            ],
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/siddhartha-mukherjee/by-the-end-of-this-decade-permutations-and-combinations-of-genetic/#breadcrumb"
        },
        {
            "@type": "WebSite",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "publisher": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Organization",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "logo": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/themes/sq/assets/icons/icon-512.png",
                "width": 512,
                "height": 512
            }
        }
    ]
}
```
