--- title: "Meaning & Key Takeaway of: During the second half of the twentieth…" description: "\"“During the second half of the twentieth century, cross-fertilization among the disciplines of history, literature, sociology, and psychology led to sc..." image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/141/miranda-wilcox-185072_discipline_during-the-second-half-of-the-twentieth_1799863.jpg" --- # During the second half of the twentieth century… ![“During the second half of the twentieth century, cross-fertilization among the disciplines of history, literature, sociology, and psychology led to scholarly awareness that historical accounts are not direct representations of actual events; they are, instead, interpretations of the meaning of…” quote by Miranda Wilcox](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/141/miranda-wilcox-185072_discipline_during-the-second-half-of-the-twentieth_1799863.jpg) [Download](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/141/miranda-wilcox-185072_discipline_during-the-second-half-of-the-twentieth_1799863.jpg) [Open image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/141/miranda-wilcox-185072_discipline_during-the-second-half-of-the-twentieth_1799863.jpg) > ““During the second half of the twentieth century, cross-fertilization among the disciplines of history, literature, sociology, and psychology led to scholarly awareness that historical accounts are not direct representations of actual events; they are, instead, interpretations of the meaning of events and are thus impacted by authorial bias, cultural assumptions, and linguistic frameworks. Historical accounts are conveyed through structures of stories, or in other words through the medium of narrative. This conceptual shift calls into question the assumption that histories recount factual descriptions of real events while stories narrate the literary artifice of imagine events.”” [Miranda Wilcox](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/miranda-wilcox/) ## About This Quote This interpretation was drafted with AI assistance. It is one reading of the quote, not the author's own explanation. Historical narratives are interpretations shaped by bias, not objective facts. **In simple terms:** History is filtered through perspective. Key Takeaway Question sources. Themes history bias interpretation truth Mood critical analytical Type Discipline:1 History:1 Narrative:1 Psychology:0 Storytelling:0 Historical Accounts:1 Narrative Conceptual:0 Assumption Histories:0 Cultural Assumptions:0 When to use this quote - academic research - media literacy Key Concepts historical epistemology narrative theory Questions to Reflect On - How do you evaluate historical sources? - What role does narrative play in truth? A Different Perspective Assuming all history is biased can dismiss valuable facts. ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ No ratings yet [Assumption Histories](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/assumption-histories-2022645/) [Cultural Assumptions](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/cultural-assumptions-2022646/) [Discipline](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/discipline/) [Historical Accounts](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/historical-accounts-740453/) [History](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/history/) [Narrative](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/narrative/) [Narrative Conceptual](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/narrative-conceptual-2022644/) [Psychology](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/psychology/) [Storytelling](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/storytelling/) ## Related quotes > [The writing of history is largely a process of diversion. Most historical accounts distract attention from the secret influences behind great events.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/frank-herbert/the-writing-of-history-is-largely-a-process-of-diversion-most/) [Frank Herbert](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/frank-herbert/) > [“Historical accounts of philosophy deal with both the chronological development of ideas over time and the timeliness of those ideas in response to the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/james-w-heisig/historical-accounts-of-philosophy-deal-with-both-the-chronological/) [James W. Heisig](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/james-w-heisig/) > [Embedded in 'The New York Times' institutional perspective and reporting methodologies are all sorts of quite debatable and subjective political and cultural assumptions about…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/glenn-greenwald/embedded-in-the-new-york-times-institutional-perspective-and/) [Glenn Greenwald](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/glenn-greenwald/) > [“We need to be careful not to read the challenges of our own hearts, our personal assumptions, and our cultural assumptions about gender into…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/winston-t-smith/we-need-to-be-careful-not-to-read-the-challenges-of-our-own-hearts/) [Winston T. Smith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/winston-t-smith/) > [We have all these cultural assumptions about love. People get hurt, and we say, 'Oh, it's no one's fault.'](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/mona-simpson/we-have-all-these-cultural-assumptions-about-love-people-get-hurt-and/) [Mona Simpson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/mona-simpson/) > [“Behind the promotion of Western ideas of mental health and healing lies a variety of cultural assumptions about human nature itself. Westerners share, for…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/ethan-watters/behind-the-promotion-of-western-ideas-of-mental-health-and-healing/) [Ethan Watters](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/ethan-watters/) > [John Lane has long been recognized as one of the South's finest poets and memoirists. This debut establishes him as one of our finest…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/ron-rash/john-lane-has-long-been-recognized-as-one-of-the-south-s-finest-poets/) [Ron Rash](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/ron-rash/) > [The narrative needs to change. Asian-American actresses don't want to be the damsels in distress anymore. We don't want to be saved, especially by…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/jamie-chung/the-narrative-needs-to-change-asian-american-actresses-don-t-want-to/) [Jamie Chung](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/jamie-chung/) > [My writing has always been what you call 'narrative fiction' in the sense that it's got very strong plots and twists at the end.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anthony-horowitz/my-writing-has-always-been-what-you-call-narrative-fiction-in-the/) [Anthony Horowitz](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anthony-horowitz/) > [I've always been interested in medicine and was pleased when my brother became a doctor. But after thinking seriously about that field, I realized…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/lois-lowry/i-ve-always-been-interested-in-medicine-and-was-pleased-when-my/) [Lois Lowry](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/lois-lowry/) > [A lot of Broadway has that immigrant narrative of America as a place where you can become something else against all odds.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/deborah-kass/a-lot-of-broadway-has-that-immigrant-narrative-of-america-as-a-place/) [Deborah Kass](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/deborah-kass/) > [Your job as a writer is to find storylines, narrative structures, and characters to show the things that you believe rather than saying them…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/philipp-meyer/your-job-as-a-writer-is-to-find-storylines-narrative-structures-and/) [Philipp Meyer](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/philipp-meyer/) > [If you do weave one-liners into a story, you have to have an overall story as well, otherwise it doesn't really count as narrative.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/tim-vine/if-you-do-weave-one-liners-into-a-story-you-have-to-have-an-overall/) [Tim Vine](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/tim-vine/) > [Merkel has realized that the euro is not working, but she cannot change the narrative she has created because that narrative has caught the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-soros/merkel-has-realized-that-the-euro-is-not-working-but-she-cannot/) [George Soros](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-soros/) > [Nostalgia keeps dissolving the ironic narratives in which I have contained my past.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/mason-cooley/nostalgia-keeps-dissolving-the-ironic-narratives-in-which-i-have/) [Mason Cooley](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/mason-cooley/) ## More Discipline quotes > [Christianity was never meant to be defined by its disciplines, but by its passions.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/bill-johnson/christianity-was-never-meant-to-be-defined-by-its-disciplines-but-by/) [Bill Johnson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/bill-johnson/) > [Grit and self-control are related, but they're not the same thing.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/angela-duckworth/grit-and-self-control-are-related-but-they-re-not-the-same-thing/) [Angela Duckworth](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/angela-duckworth/) > [“Peace requires a discipline more iron than war. - Easter, 1939 ”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/w-j-turner/peace-requires-a-discipline-more-iron-than-war-easter-1939/) [W.J. Turner](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/w-j-turner/) > [You can't have the fruits without the roots. It's the principle of sequencing: Private Victories proceed Public Victories. Self-mastery and self-discipline are the foundation…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/stephen-covey/you-can-t-have-the-fruits-without-the-roots-it-s-the-principle-of/) [Stephen Covey](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/stephen-covey/) > [Like a child exploring the attic of an old house on a rainy day, discovering a trunk full of treasure and then calling all…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/eugene-h-peterson/like-a-child-exploring-the-attic-of-an-old-house-on-a-rainy-day/) [Eugene H. Peterson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/eugene-h-peterson/) > [Exercise teaches you the pleasure of discipline.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/jane-fonda/exercise-teaches-you-the-pleasure-of-discipline/) [Jane Fonda](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/jane-fonda/) > [I'm always writing. I'm an obsessive. It's not because I'm a disciplined person. It's because I'm crazy about it.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/hanif-kureishi/i-m-always-writing-i-m-an-obsessive-it-s-not-because-i-m-a/) [Hanif Kureishi](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/hanif-kureishi/) > [“I felt like praying or something, when I was in bed, but I couldn't do it. I can't always pray when I feel like…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/j-d-salinger/i-felt-like-praying-or-something-when-i-was-in-bed-but-i-couldn-t-do/) [J.D. Salinger](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/j-d-salinger/) > [The undisciplined child enters into discipline by working in the company of others; not being told he is naughty.” “Discipline is, therefore, primarily a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/maria-montessori/the-undisciplined-child-enters-into-discipline-by-working-in-the/) [Maria Montessori](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/maria-montessori/) > [“Proverbs from the East: The wind howls, but the mountain remains still. Even though I make no special attempt to observe the discipline of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-cain/proverbs-from-the-east-the-wind-howls-but-the-mountain-remains-still/) [Susan Cain](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-cain/) > [To behave creatively in art means behavior with skill; and skill comes from discipline, not derangement. The artist who knows the rules -and proportion…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/burne-hogarth/to-behave-creatively-in-art-means-behavior-with-skill-and-skill-comes/) [Burne Hogarth](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/burne-hogarth/) > [Self-discipline is an act of cultivation. It require you to connect today's actions to tomorrow's results. There's a season for sowing a season for…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/gary-ryan-blair/self-discipline-is-an-act-of-cultivation-it-require-you-to-connect/) [Gary Ryan Blair](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/gary-ryan-blair/) > [The individual, by means of the discipline imposed on him by sport, not only plays and finds relaxation from the various compulsions to which…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/jacques-ellul/the-individual-by-means-of-the-discipline-imposed-on-him-by-sport-not/) [Jacques Ellul](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/jacques-ellul/) > [Cheerfulness in most cheerful people is the rich and satisfying result of strenuous discipline.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/edwin-percy-whipple/cheerfulness-in-most-cheerful-people-is-the-rich-and-satisfying/) [Edwin Percy Whipple](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/edwin-percy-whipple/) > [Stay in your seat come times of trouble. Its only people who jump off the roller coaster who get hurt.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/paul-harvey/stay-in-your-seat-come-times-of-trouble-its-only-people-who-jump-off/) [Paul Harvey](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/paul-harvey/) [Browse all 5,597 Discipline quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/discipline/) ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Quotation", "text": "“During the second half of the twentieth century, cross-fertilization among the disciplines of history, literature, sociology, and psychology led to scholarly awareness that historical accounts are not direct representations of actual events; they are, instead, interpretations of the meaning of events and are thus impacted by authorial bias, cultural assumptions, and linguistic frameworks. Historical accounts are conveyed through structures of stories, or in other words through the medium of narrative. 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