---
title: "Meaning & Key Takeaway of: The essential notion of a capitalist…"
description: "\"The essential notion of a capitalist society ... is voluntary cooperation, voluntary exchange. The essential notion of a socialist society is force.\" —..."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/202/milton-friedman-616_capitalism_the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-soc_480119.png"
---

#  The essential notion of a capitalist society ... is…

![“The essential notion of a capitalist society ... is voluntary cooperation, voluntary exchange. The essential notion of a socialist society is force.” quote by Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/202/milton-friedman-616_capitalism_the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-soc_480119.png)   [Download](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/202/milton-friedman-616_capitalism_the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-soc_480119.png) [Open image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/202/milton-friedman-616_capitalism_the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-soc_480119.png)

> “The essential notion of a capitalist society ... is voluntary cooperation, voluntary exchange. The essential notion of a socialist society is force.”

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

## About This Quote

This interpretation was drafted with AI assistance. It is one reading of the quote, not the author's own explanation.

Capitalism relies on voluntary cooperation and exchange, while socialism depends on coercion.

**In simple terms:** Capitalism = voluntary; socialism = forced.

Key Takeaway

Promote voluntary economic interactions.

Themes

economics politics ideology

Mood

analytical critical

Type

philosophical economic

When to use this quote

- policy debate
- business ethics
- public discourse

Key Concepts

voluntary exchange coercive control

Questions to Reflect On

- Can any society be purely one or the other?
- What are the benefits of hybrid models?

A Different Perspective

Oversimplifies complex economic systems and ignores mixed economies.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★   No ratings yet

[Capitalism](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/capitalism/) [Capitalist](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/capitalist/) [Capitalist Society](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/capitalist-society/) [Cooperation](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/cooperation/) [Economic](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/economic/) [Essentials](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/essentials/) [Force](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/force/) [Libertarian](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/libertarian/) [Libertarianism](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/libertarianism/) [Liberty](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/liberty/) [Notion](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/notion/) [Notion Capitalist](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/notion-capitalist-4130525/) [Notion Socialist](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/notion-socialist-4130523/) [Socialist](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/socialist/) [Socialist Society](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/socialist-society-1261390/) [Society Voluntary](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/society-voluntary-4130524/)

## Related quotes

> [Economic freedom is an essential requisite for political freedom. By enabling people to cooperate with one another without coercion or central direction, it reduces…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/economic-freedom-is-an-essential-requisite-for-political-freedom-by/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [Adam Smith's key insight was that both parties to an exchange can benefit and that, so long as cooperation is strictly voluntary, no exchange…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/adam-smith-s-key-insight-was-that-both-parties-to-an-exchange-can/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [Whenever we depart from voluntary cooperation and try to do good by using force, the bad moral value of force triumphs over good intentions.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/whenever-we-depart-from-voluntary-cooperation-and-try-to-do-good-by/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [A society based on the freedom to choose is better than a society based on the principles of socialism, communism and coercion.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/a-society-based-on-the-freedom-to-choose-is-better-than-a-society/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [Consider Social Security. The young have always contributed to the support of the old. Earlier, the young helped their own parents out of a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/consider-social-security-the-young-have-always-contributed-to-the/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [If the only motive was to help people who could not afford education, advocates of government involvement would have simply proposed tuition subsidies.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/if-the-only-motive-was-to-help-people-who-could-not-afford-education/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [The great virtue of a free market system is that it does not care what color people are; it does not care what their…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/the-great-virtue-of-a-free-market-system-is-that-it-does-not-care/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [There's nothing that does so much harm as good intentions.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/there-s-nothing-that-does-so-much-harm-as-good-intentions/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [Political leaders in capitalist countries who cheer the collapse of socialism in other countries continue to favor socialist solutions in their own. They know…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/political-leaders-in-capitalist-countries-who-cheer-the-collapse-of/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [The socialist society would have to forbid capitalist acts between consenting adults.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/robert-nozick/the-socialist-society-would-have-to-forbid-capitalist-acts-between/)

[Robert Nozick](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/robert-nozick/)

> [ Only in the Fall of 1924 did \[Joseph\] Stalin discover that it is especially Russia, as distinguished from other countries, which can by its… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/leon-trotsky/only-in-the-fall-of-1924-did-joseph-stalin-discover-that-it-is/)

[Leon Trotsky](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/leon-trotsky/)

> [The beauty of a free society is that someone slightly less gifted who works harder than usual can rise; the burden of a free…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/ben-shapiro/the-beauty-of-a-free-society-is-that-someone-slightly-less-gifted-who/)

[Ben Shapiro](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/ben-shapiro/)

> [Our aim is to achieve a socialist system of society, which, by eliminating the division of mankind into classes, by eliminating all exploitation of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/vladimir-lenin/our-aim-is-to-achieve-a-socialist-system-of-society-which-by/)

[Vladimir Lenin](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/vladimir-lenin/)

> [I think most people would love for us to be a socialist society.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/boots-riley/i-think-most-people-would-love-for-us-to-be-a-socialist-society/)

[Boots Riley](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/boots-riley/)

> [Every factory must be a school to educate, like Che Guevara said, to produce not only briquettes, steel, and aluminum, but also, above all,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/hugo-chavez/every-factory-must-be-a-school-to-educate-like-che-guevara-said-to/)

[Hugo Chavez](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/hugo-chavez/)

## More by Milton Friedman

> [The government solution to a problem is usually as bad as the problem.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/the-government-solution-to-a-problem-is-usually-as-bad-as-the-problem/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [I believe the role that people like myself have played in the transformation of public opinion has been by persistently presenting a different point…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/i-believe-the-role-that-people-like-myself-have-played-in-the/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [To really understand something you've got to reduce it to its principles.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/to-really-understand-something-you-ve-got-to-reduce-it-to-its/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [It is a mark of how far we have gone on the road to serfdom that government allocation and rationing of oil is the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/it-is-a-mark-of-how-far-we-have-gone-on-the-road-to-serfdom-that/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [Economic freedom is an essential requisite for political freedom. By enabling people to cooperate with one another without coercion or central direction, it reduces…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/economic-freedom-is-an-essential-requisite-for-political-freedom-by/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [“The people in one district can choose not to reelect their member of Congress, but that will not change the composition of the government…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/the-people-in-one-district-can-choose-not-to-reelect-their-member-of/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [When you have a time of crisis what happens depends on what ideas are floating around, and what ideas have been developed, and thought…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/when-you-have-a-time-of-crisis-what-happens-depends-on-what-ideas-are/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [The government doesn't have any money. The only power it has is to take from some and give to others.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/the-government-doesn-t-have-any-money-the-only-power-it-has-is-to/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [What would the people who sold us goods do with the money? They'd get dollars. What would they do with the dollars? Eat them?!](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/what-would-the-people-who-sold-us-goods-do-with-the-money-they-d-get/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [World trade depends on differences among countries, not similarities. Different countries are in different stages of development. It is appropriate for them to have…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/world-trade-depends-on-differences-among-countries-not-similarities/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [Is there some society you know of that doesn't run on greed? You think Russia doesn't run on greed? You think China doesn't run…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/is-there-some-society-you-know-of-that-doesn-t-run-on-greed-you-think/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [Well first of all, tell me, is there some society you know of that doesn't run on greed? You think Russia doesn't run on…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/well-first-of-all-tell-me-is-there-some-society-you-know-of-that/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [I think almost every economist would agree that government gets itself in trouble when it tries to interfere with voluntary behavior.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/i-think-almost-every-economist-would-agree-that-government-gets/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [It is most attractive about the US to people and countries with wealth is that it can provide security, insurance really, against political instability.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/it-is-most-attractive-about-the-us-to-people-and-countries-with/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

> [Hong Kong is the bellwether. If the Chinese stick to their agreement to let Hong Kong go its own path, then China will also…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/hong-kong-is-the-bellwether-if-the-chinese-stick-to-their-agreement/)

[Milton Friedman](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

[Explore all 444 Milton Friedman quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/)

## More Capitalism quotes

> [Don't let's lose sight of what creates wealth. It is open markets, it is capitalism.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/rupert-murdoch/don-t-let-s-lose-sight-of-what-creates-wealth-it-is-open-markets-it/)

[Rupert Murdoch](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/rupert-murdoch/)

> [Crony capitalism is essentially a condition in which... public officials are giving favours to people in the private sector in payment of political favours.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alan-greenspan/crony-capitalism-is-essentially-a-condition-in-which-public-officials/)

[Alan Greenspan](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alan-greenspan/)

> [Philosopher is a dictator who modifies accepted standards with his thoughts.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/ilkin-santak/philosopher-is-a-dictator-who-modifies-accepted-standards-with-his/)

[Ilkin Santak](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/ilkin-santak/)

> [There is only one party in the United States, the Property Party...and it has two right wings: Republican and Democrat. Republicans are a bit…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/gore-vidal/there-is-only-one-party-in-the-united-states-the-property-party-and/)

[Gore Vidal](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/gore-vidal/)

> [ Neither Italian fascism nor German national "socialism" have anything in common with such a \[Soviet socialistic\] society, primarily because private ownership of factories, plants,… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/joseph-stalin/neither-italian-fascism-nor-german-national-socialism-have-anything/)

[Joseph Stalin](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/joseph-stalin/)

> [Corporations have nothing to do with values, and they know it, and sometimes say it.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/eric-kierans/corporations-have-nothing-to-do-with-values-and-they-know-it-and/)

[Eric Kierans](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/eric-kierans/)

> [Both fact and logic seem to me to support the view that savings invested in privately owned economic tools of production amount to an…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/f-a-harper/both-fact-and-logic-seem-to-me-to-support-the-view-that-savings/)

[F. A. Harper](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/f-a-harper/)

> [The free market is ugly and stupid, like going to the mall; the unfree market is just as ugly and just as stupid, except…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anonymous/the-free-market-is-ugly-and-stupid-like-going-to-the-mall-the-unfree/)

[Anonymous](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anonymous/)

> [Capitalism, communism ... it's all garbage.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/mstislav-rostropovich/capitalism-communism-it-s-all-garbage/)

[Mstislav Rostropovich](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/mstislav-rostropovich/)

> [There are no two countries with the same style of economic mechanism, with the same capitalism.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anatoly-chubais/there-are-no-two-countries-with-the-same-style-of-economic-mechanism/)

[Anatoly Chubais](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anatoly-chubais/)

> [It is more than a little ironic that "capital accumulation" once a rather tendentious Marxian view of a supposed capitalist obsession, should have become…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/robert-kuttner/it-is-more-than-a-little-ironic-that-capital-accumulation-once-a/)

[Robert Kuttner](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/robert-kuttner/)

> [Historically, usury was defined as any interest whatever on an unproductive loan.Our whole banking system I have ever abhorred, I continue to abhor, and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-adams/historically-usury-was-defined-as-any-interest-whatever-on-an/)

[John Adams](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-adams/)

> [Socialism is humanity's second nature. All politicians do is turn human vice into votes.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/ilana-mercer/socialism-is-humanity-s-second-nature-all-politicians-do-is-turn/)

[Ilana Mercer](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/ilana-mercer/)

> [“Scholars have long debated whether capital markets lead to appropriate levels of saving and investment for future generations.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-l-weimer/scholars-have-long-debated-whether-capital-markets-lead-to/)

[David L. Weimer](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-l-weimer/)

> [“A car is one of the most interesting inventions, but driving is one of the most boring activities.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/mokokoma-mokhonoana/a-car-is-one-of-the-most-interesting-inventions-but-driving-is-one-of/)

[Mokokoma Mokhonoana](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/mokokoma-mokhonoana/)

[Browse all 3,832 Capitalism quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/capitalism/)

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@graph": [
        {
            "@type": "Quotation",
            "text": "The essential notion of a capitalist society ... is voluntary cooperation, voluntary exchange. The essential notion of a socialist society is force.",
            "creator": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Milton Friedman"
            },
            "isPartOf": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website"
            },
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-society-is-voluntary-cooperation/",
            "about": {
                "@type": "Thing",
                "name": "Capitalism"
            },
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-society-is-voluntary-cooperation/#quotation",
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/202/milton-friedman-616_capitalism_the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-soc_480119.png",
                "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/202/milton-friedman-616_capitalism_the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-soc_480119.png",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/202/milton-friedman-616_capitalism_the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-soc_480119.png",
                "width": 1080,
                "height": 1080,
                "caption": "“The essential notion of a capitalist society ... is voluntary cooperation, voluntary exchange. The essential…” — Milton Friedman",
                "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                "creator": {
                    "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
            "itemListElement": [
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 1,
                    "name": "Home",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 2,
                    "name": "Quotes",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 3,
                    "name": "Milton Friedman",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/milton-friedman/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 4,
                    "name": "The essential notion of a capitalist...",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-society-is-voluntary-cooperation/"
                }
            ],
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/milton-friedman/the-essential-notion-of-a-capitalist-society-is-voluntary-cooperation/#breadcrumb"
        },
        {
            "@type": "WebSite",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "publisher": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Organization",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "logo": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/themes/sq/assets/icons/icon-512.png",
                "width": 512,
                "height": 512
            }
        }
    ]
}
```
