---
title: "Meaning & Key Takeaway of: In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam…"
description: "\"In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely make soap.\" — Fareed Zakaria"
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/49d/fareed-zakaria-3805_arsenal_in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam_2814887.png"
---

#  In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a…

![“In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely make soap.” quote by Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/49d/fareed-zakaria-3805_arsenal_in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam_2814887.png)   [Download](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/49d/fareed-zakaria-3805_arsenal_in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam_2814887.png) [Open image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/49d/fareed-zakaria-3805_arsenal_in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam_2814887.png)

> “In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely make soap.”

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

## About This Quote

This interpretation was drafted with AI assistance. It is one reading of the quote, not the author's own explanation.

The claim that Saddam Hussein possessed a nuclear arsenal was a grave overestimation; his industrial capacity was far below that level.

**In simple terms:** Assumptions about threats can be wildly inaccurate.

Key Takeaway

Question intelligence sources critically.

Themes

politics misinformation security history

Mood

skeptical cautious

Type

critical historical

When to use this quote

- policy making
- academic research
- media reporting

Key Concepts

geopolitics intelligence analysis risk assessment

Questions to Reflect On

- How do we verify threat assessments?
- What safeguards prevent exaggerated narratives?

A Different Perspective

Overconfidence can lead to costly policy errors.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★   No ratings yet

[Arsenal](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/arsenal/) [Certain](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/certain/) [Certain Saddam](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/certain-saddam-3546307/) [Factories](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/factories/) [Facts](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/facts/) [Hussein](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/hussein/) [Hussein Nuclear](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/hussein-nuclear-3546306/) [Israel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/israel/) [Nuclear](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/nuclear/) [Nuclear Arsenal](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/nuclear-arsenal-478211/) [Saddam](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/saddam/) [Saddam hussein](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/saddam-hussein/) [Soap](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/soap/)

## Related quotes

> [ Asked who attacked America on 9/11, \[Sarah Palin\] suggested several times that it was Saddam Hussein. ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anonymous/asked-who-attacked-america-on-9-11-sarah-palin-suggested-several/)

[Anonymous](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anonymous/)

> [Saddam Hussein was a brutal tyrant. I am glad he is now on trial for crimes against humanity. But, opposition to a dictator is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/peter-defazio/saddam-hussein-was-a-brutal-tyrant-i-am-glad-he-is-now-on-trial-for/)

[Peter DeFazio](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/peter-defazio/)

> [We went into Iraq because Saddam Hussein refused to account for his weapons of mass destruction, consistently violated UN resolutions and in a post-9/11…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/anonymous/we-went-into-iraq-because-saddam-hussein-refused-to-account-for-his/)

[Anonymous](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/anonymous/)

> [Giving peace a chance only gives Saddam Hussein more time to prepare for war on his terms, at a time of his choosing, in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/john-mccain/giving-peace-a-chance-only-gives-saddam-hussein-more-time-to-prepare/)

[John McCain](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/john-mccain/)

> [I think all of the attention of the world, to include the attention of the Arab world, should be on Saddam Hussein and whether…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/colin-powell/i-think-all-of-the-attention-of-the-world-to-include-the-attention-of/)

[Colin Powell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/colin-powell/)

> [There's no question that Saddam Hussein is a threat to the United States and to our allies. If Saddam persists in thumbing his nose…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/howard-dean/there-s-no-question-that-saddam-hussein-is-a-threat-to-the-united/)

[Howard Dean](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/howard-dean/)

> [Let's be clear: Neither Secretary Powell or I opposed the notion of removing Saddam Hussein by force, but we wanted to avoid the war…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-armitage/let-s-be-clear-neither-secretary-powell-or-i-opposed-the-notion-of/)

[Richard Armitage](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-armitage/)

> [But the world is a better place with Saddam Hussein gone.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/karl-rove/but-the-world-is-a-better-place-with-saddam-hussein-gone/)

[Karl Rove](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/karl-rove/)

> [If it was up to the U.N., Saddam Hussein would still be killing his own people.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/tucker-carlson/if-it-was-up-to-the-u-n-saddam-hussein-would-still-be-killing-his-own/)

[Tucker Carlson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/tucker-carlson/)

> [There's no question that Saddam Hussein is a threat Yes, he has chemical and biological weapons. He's had those for a long time. But…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wesley-clark/there-s-no-question-that-saddam-hussein-is-a-threat-yes-he-has/)

[Wesley Clark](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/wesley-clark/)

> [Under Saddam Hussein, the nation of Iraq possessed and used chemical weapons against both their own Kurdish population and Iranian military forces.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/charles-b-rangel/under-saddam-hussein-the-nation-of-iraq-possessed-and-used-chemical/)

[Charles B. Rangel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/charles-b-rangel/)

> [ \[Saddam Hussein\] could have easily reconstituted a program. He was a threat to peace before we went in. He'd have been a threat to… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-w-bush/saddam-hussein-could-have-easily-reconstituted-a-program-he-was-a/)

[George W. Bush](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-w-bush/)

> [The British government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-w-bush/the-british-government-has-learned-that-saddam-hussein-recently/)

[George W. Bush](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-w-bush/)

> [We are well aware that he spent many hours recently tape recording various messages... we need to do a little more analysis of what…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/geoff-hoon/we-are-well-aware-that-he-spent-many-hours-recently-tape-recording/)

[Geoff Hoon](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/geoff-hoon/)

> [There is absolutely no doubt in my mind that Saddam Hussein had and used significant weapons of mass destruction on his own people, both…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/curt-weldon/there-is-absolutely-no-doubt-in-my-mind-that-saddam-hussein-had-and/)

[Curt Weldon](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/curt-weldon/)

## More by Fareed Zakaria

> [I grew up in Mumbai.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/i-grew-up-in-mumbai/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [“The political history of the twentieth century is the story of greater and more direct political participation. And success kept expanding democracy's scope. Whatever…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/the-political-history-of-the-twentieth-century-is-the-story-of/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [No successful political transition can take place without leaders and movements that demand and press for freedom.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/no-successful-political-transition-can-take-place-without-leaders-and/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [“For years many in the oil-rich states argued that their enormous wealth would bring modernizations. They pointed to the impressive appetites of Saudis and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/for-years-many-in-the-oil-rich-states-argued-that-their-enormous/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [It all looks American because America, the country that invented mass capitalism and consumerism, got there first. the impact of mass capitalism is now…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/it-all-looks-american-because-america-the-country-that-invented-mass/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [If you listen to the political discourse in America today, you would think that all our problems have been caused by the Mexicans of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/if-you-listen-to-the-political-discourse-in-america-today-you-would/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [Thanks to the Communist Party of China, we now know the path to poverty alleviation is Capitalism.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/thanks-to-the-communist-party-of-china-we-now-know-the-path-to/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [I very much want to be in the business of creating content, of doing stories all over the world rather than figuring out what…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/i-very-much-want-to-be-in-the-business-of-creating-content-of-doing/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [It's not possible for two countries to be the leading dominant political power at the same time.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/it-s-not-possible-for-two-countries-to-be-the-leading-dominant/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [Some have said that the clash between Catholicism and Protestantism illustrates the old maxim that religious freedom is the product of two equally pernicious…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/some-have-said-that-the-clash-between-catholicism-and-protestantism/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [I am an American, not by accident of birth but by choice. I voted with my feet and became an American because I love…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/i-am-an-american-not-by-accident-of-birth-but-by-choice-i-voted-with/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [“What we need in politics today is not more democracy but less.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/what-we-need-in-politics-today-is-not-more-democracy-but-less/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [We have the leading companies and the leading sectors in the advanced industrial world, we have an incredibly dynamic society, and we have high…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/we-have-the-leading-companies-and-the-leading-sectors-in-the-advanced/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [What we see today is an American economy that has boomed because of policies and developments of the 1950s and '60s: the interstate-highway system,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/what-we-see-today-is-an-american-economy-that-has-boomed-because-of/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

> [If a senator calls me up and asks me what should we do in Iraq, I'm happy to talk to him.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/if-a-senator-calls-me-up-and-asks-me-what-should-we-do-in-iraq-i-m/)

[Fareed Zakaria](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

[Explore all 121 Fareed Zakaria quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/)

## More Arsenal quotes

> [I have always followed Arsenal in the Premier League. At some points they were really good, but also had some difficulties like a lot…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/gervinho/i-have-always-followed-arsenal-in-the-premier-league-at-some-points/)

[Gervinho](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/gervinho/)

> [What do folk always say about Arsenal? They can pass you to death.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/charlie-adam/what-do-folk-always-say-about-arsenal-they-can-pass-you-to-death/)

[Charlie Adam](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/charlie-adam/)

> [Don't put too much pressure on Jack Wilshere... in years to come I think he will be an Arsenal great like Liam Brady](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/paul-merson/don-t-put-too-much-pressure-on-jack-wilshere-in-years-to-come-i-think/)

[Paul Merson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/paul-merson/)

> [As a club, we have an educational purpose: to give back to those people who love Arsenal so that they learn moral values from…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/arsene-wenger/as-a-club-we-have-an-educational-purpose-to-give-back-to-those-people/)

[Arsene Wenger](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/arsene-wenger/)

> [I want to stay at Arsenal for as long as I can, stay at the highest level and push this club back to where…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/ben-white/i-want-to-stay-at-arsenal-for-as-long-as-i-can-stay-at-the-highest/)

[Ben White](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/ben-white/)

> [My wish was to finish my career at Arsenal, but there are always banana skins.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/kolo-toure/my-wish-was-to-finish-my-career-at-arsenal-but-there-are-always/)

[Kolo Toure](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/kolo-toure/)

> [I was at Arsenal as an 11-year-old. I really enjoyed it but I was at school and my dad used to drive me there…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/mark-noble/i-was-at-arsenal-as-an-11-year-old-i-really-enjoyed-it-but-i-was-at/)

[Mark Noble](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/mark-noble/)

> [Captaining your country, going out at Wembley, captaining Arsenal to 10 trophies, playing your first game - they're all amazing things. But, phew, saving…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/tony-adams/captaining-your-country-going-out-at-wembley-captaining-arsenal-to-10/)

[Tony Adams](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/tony-adams/)

> [I was always respectful to Arsene and I think he respected me for that. We had a good relationship and understanding. We spoke a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/lukasz-fabianski/i-was-always-respectful-to-arsene-and-i-think-he-respected-me-for/)

[Lukasz Fabianski](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/lukasz-fabianski/)

> [If you think about it, Washington's overwhelming power in the world is founded on death, the awesome arsenal for killing people.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/william-greider/if-you-think-about-it-washington-s-overwhelming-power-in-the-world-is/)

[William Greider](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/william-greider/)

> [A club like Arsenal is a fabulous club, it is a well-run club.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/mike-phelan/a-club-like-arsenal-is-a-fabulous-club-it-is-a-well-run-club/)

[Mike Phelan](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/mike-phelan/)

> [I don't think there was a danger of chaos at Arsenal. We have a fantastic manager who knows how to run the club. All…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wojciech-szczesny/i-don-t-think-there-was-a-danger-of-chaos-at-arsenal-we-have-a/)

[Wojciech Szczesny](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/wojciech-szczesny/)

> [I was at Arsenal but I didn't like the manager of the under-10s at the time so I went to West Ham where my…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/jonjo-shelvey/i-was-at-arsenal-but-i-didn-t-like-the-manager-of-the-under-10s-at/)

[Jonjo Shelvey](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/jonjo-shelvey/)

> [ The best player I ever played against was Paolo Maldini. We \[Arsenal\] played against Milan in the European Supercup \[in 1995\]. Maldini marked me… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/paul-merson/the-best-player-i-ever-played-against-was-paolo-maldini-we-arsenal/)

[Paul Merson](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/paul-merson/)

> [The true beauty of nature is her amplitude; she exists neither for nor because of us, and possesses a staying power that all our…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/stephen-jay-gould/the-true-beauty-of-nature-is-her-amplitude-she-exists-neither-for-nor/)

[Stephen Jay Gould](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/stephen-jay-gould/)

[Browse all 705 Arsenal quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/arsenal/)

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@graph": [
        {
            "@type": "Quotation",
            "text": "In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely make soap.",
            "creator": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Fareed Zakaria"
            },
            "isPartOf": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website"
            },
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam-hussein-had-a-nuclear/",
            "about": {
                "@type": "Thing",
                "name": "Arsenal"
            },
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam-hussein-had-a-nuclear/#quotation",
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/49d/fareed-zakaria-3805_arsenal_in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam_2814887.png",
                "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/49d/fareed-zakaria-3805_arsenal_in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam_2814887.png",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/49d/fareed-zakaria-3805_arsenal_in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam_2814887.png",
                "width": 1080,
                "height": 1080,
                "caption": "“In the 1990s, we were certain that Saddam Hussein had a nuclear arsenal. In fact, his factories could barely…” — Fareed Zakaria",
                "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                "creator": {
                    "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
            "itemListElement": [
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 1,
                    "name": "Home",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 2,
                    "name": "Quotes",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 3,
                    "name": "Fareed Zakaria",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/fareed-zakaria/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 4,
                    "name": "In the 1990s, we were certain...",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam-hussein-had-a-nuclear/"
                }
            ],
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/fareed-zakaria/in-the-1990s-we-were-certain-that-saddam-hussein-had-a-nuclear/#breadcrumb"
        },
        {
            "@type": "WebSite",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "publisher": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Organization",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "logo": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/themes/sq/assets/icons/icon-512.png",
                "width": 512,
                "height": 512
            }
        }
    ]
}
```
