--- title: "Meaning & Key Takeaway of: The finding of arguments for a conclusion…" description: "\"The finding of arguments for a conclusion given in advance is not philosophy, but special pleading\" — Bertrand Russell" image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/165/bertrand-russell-69_argument_the-finding-of-arguments-for-a-conclusio_1928141.jpg" --- # The finding of arguments for a conclusion given in advance… ![“The finding of arguments for a conclusion given in advance is not philosophy, but special pleading” quote by Bertrand Russell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/165/bertrand-russell-69_argument_the-finding-of-arguments-for-a-conclusio_1928141.jpg) [Download](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/165/bertrand-russell-69_argument_the-finding-of-arguments-for-a-conclusio_1928141.jpg) [Open image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/165/bertrand-russell-69_argument_the-finding-of-arguments-for-a-conclusio_1928141.jpg) > “The finding of arguments for a conclusion given in advance is not philosophy, but special pleading” [Bertrand Russell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/bertrand-russell/) ## About This Quote This interpretation was drafted with AI assistance. It is one reading of the quote, not the author's own explanation. Philosophy should not start with a predetermined conclusion; that is merely rationalizing rather than genuine inquiry. **In simple terms:** Philosophy isn’t about forcing arguments to fit a conclusion. Key Takeaway Question assumptions before concluding. Themes logic philosophy critical thinking argumentation Mood analytical skeptical Type philosophical critical When to use this quote - academic debate - policy analysis - personal decision making Key Concepts epistemology rhetoric Questions to Reflect On - What assumptions am I defending without evidence? - How can I test my conclusions? 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