---
title: "96 Russell Kirk Quotes - Famous Political scientist"
description: "Russell Kirk quotes on Gothic mindset, humility, and modern environmental concerns."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b021/author-russell-kirk-81789.jpg"
---

![Portrait of Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b021/author-russell-kirk-81789.jpg)

# Russell Kirk

(1918–1994)   Political Scientist   United States

 **96** quotes in **633** categories

Kirk describes a mind that feels Gothic and medieval, not the Enlightened kind, and he warns that humility can keep vanity in check. He notes that politics climbs toward ethics and then theology, and that losing reverence for old traditions can turn the world into private property. He also calls modern environmental damage a troubling spectacle.

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Russell Kirk was a political scientist from the United States, best known for *The conservative mind : from Burke to Eliot / Russell Kirk*.

## Quick Facts About Russell Kirk

Born October 19, 1918

Died April 29, 1994

Nationality United States

Profession Political Scientist

Notable works The conservative mind : from Burke to Eliot / Russell Kirk

## About Russell Kirk

Russell Amos Kirk was an American political philosopher, moralist, historian, social critic, literary critic, and novelist who influenced 20th century American conservatism. In 1953, he authored The Conservative Mind, which outlined and traced the development of socio-conservative thought in the works of Anglo-American tradition, such as those of Edmund Burke. The book helped establish the intellectual framework for a religious and humanistic understanding of conservatism in the postwar era. Kirk was the chief proponent of traditionalist conservatism.

## Awards & Honors

Guggenheim Fellowship Presidential Citizens Medal World Fantasy Award for Best Short Fiction

##  Quotes by Russell Kirk

> [Schooling deprived of religious insights is wretched education.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/schooling-deprived-of-religious-insights-is-wretched-education/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Christian](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/christian/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0d2/russell-kirk-6909_christian_schooling-deprived-of-religious-insights_3057064.jpg)

> [There are no lost causes because there are no gained causes.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/there-are-no-lost-causes-because-there-are-no-gained-causes/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Causes](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/causes/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/657/russell-kirk-6909_causes_there-are-no-lost-causes-because-there-a_465116.jpg)

> [We cannot make a heaven on earth, though we may make a hell.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/we-cannot-make-a-heaven-on-earth-though-we-may-make-a-hell/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Earth](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/earth/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7ee/russell-kirk-6909_earth_we-cannot-make-a-heaven-on-earth-though_1855171.jpg)

> [Nothing is more conservative than conservation](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/nothing-is-more-conservative-than-conservation/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Conservation](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservation/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8e3/russell-kirk-6909_conservation_nothing-is-more-conservative-than-conser_1788882.jpg)

> [Politics moves upward into ethics, and ethics ascends to theology.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/politics-moves-upward-into-ethics-and-ethics-ascends-to-theology/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Ethics](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/ethics/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c88/russell-kirk-6909_ethics_politics-moves-upward-into-ethics-and-et_323354.jpg)

> [“Imagination, given time, does rule the world.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/imagination-given-time-does-rule-the-world/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Imagination](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/imagination/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9f9/russell-kirk-6909_imagination_imagination-given-time-does-rule-the-wor_2009342.jpg)

> [Privilege, in any society, is the reward of duties performed.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/privilege-in-any-society-is-the-reward-of-duties-performed/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Duty](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/duty/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/800/russell-kirk-6909_duty_privilege-in-any-society-is-the-reward-o_342600.jpg)

> [“But wisdom is not got through shouting-matches within one generation.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/but-wisdom-is-not-got-through-shouting-matches-within-one-generation/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Generation](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/generation/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/86b/russell-kirk-6909_wisdom_but-wisdom-is-not-got-through-shouting-m_1543201.jpg)

> [The natural law is an instrument for progress, not a weapon of revolution.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-natural-law-is-an-instrument-for-progress-not-a-weapon-of/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Instruments](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/instruments/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/960/russell-kirk-6909_instruments_the-natural-law-is-an-instrument-for-pro_3048135.jpg)

> [...so mankind is now trapped by the failure of its energies and by the depletion of those natural resources that men have…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/so-mankind-is-now-trapped-by-the-failure-of-its-energies-and-by-the/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Conservative](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservative/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c08/russell-kirk-6909_conservative_so-mankind-is-now-trapped-by-the-failure_1251047.jpg)

> [Every right is married to a duty, every freedom owes a corresponding responsibility.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/every-right-is-married-to-a-duty-every-freedom-owes-a-corresponding/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Conservative](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservative/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1a7/russell-kirk-6909_conservative_every-right-is-married-to-a-duty-every-f_1146776.jpg)

> [The Secular City, having legislated and litigated itself out of any entanglement with the City of God, would be a hell upon…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-secular-city-having-legislated-and-litigated-itself-out-of-any/)

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[Christian](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/christian/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2f8/russell-kirk-6909_christian_the-secular-city-having-legislated-and-l_375387.jpg)

> [The ACLU has been able to harass out of existence public expressions of faith.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-aclu-has-been-able-to-harass-out-of-existence-public-expressions/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Able](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/able/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/26e/russell-kirk-6909_able_the-aclu-has-been-able-to-harass-out-of_1511908.jpg)

> [...only the unscrupulous or shortsighted can defend pollution and degradation of the countryside.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/only-the-unscrupulous-or-shortsighted-can-defend-pollution-and/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Conservative](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservative/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/78a/russell-kirk-6909_conservative_only-the-unscrupulous-or-shortsighted-ca_2385631.jpg)

> [Despite much talk in this land about religious freedom, churches and their schools now confront grave difficulties.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/despite-much-talk-in-this-land-about-religious-freedom-churches-and/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Christian](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/christian/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bac/russell-kirk-6909_christian_despite-much-talk-in-this-land-about-rel_1070928.jpg)

> [Sudden and slashing reforms are as perilous as sudden and slashing surgery.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/sudden-and-slashing-reforms-are-as-perilous-as-sudden-and-slashing/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Inspirational](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/inspirational/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ea5/russell-kirk-6909_inspirational_sudden-and-slashing-reforms-are-as-peril_744109.jpg)

> [The good society is marked by a high degree of order, justice, and freedom. Among these, order has primacy: for justice cannot…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-good-society-is-marked-by-a-high-degree-of-order-justice-and/)

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[Degrees](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/degrees/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a70/russell-kirk-6909_degrees_the-good-society-is-marked-by-a-high-deg_575686.jpg)

> [The libertarian thinks that this world is chiefly a stage for the swaggering ego; the conservative finds himself instead a pilgrim in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-libertarian-thinks-that-this-world-is-chiefly-a-stage-for-the/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Conservative](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservative/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7d3/russell-kirk-6909_conservative_the-libertarian-thinks-that-this-world-i_2222772.jpg)

> [Principle #6: Recognition that change and reform are not identical, and that innovation is a devouring conflagration more often than it is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/principle-6-recognition-that-change-and-reform-are-not-identical-and/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Change](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/change/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f86/russell-kirk-6909_change_principle-6-recognition-that-change-and_609000.jpg)

> [...ambition without pious restraint must end in failure, often involving in its ruin that beautiful reverence which solaces common men for the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/ambition-without-pious-restraint-must-end-in-failure-often-involving/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Ambition](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/ambition/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1bf/russell-kirk-6909_ambition_ambition-without-pious-restraint-must-en_3107372.jpg)

> [Real literature is something much better than a harmless instrument for getting through idle hours. The purpose of great literature is to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/real-literature-is-something-much-better-than-a-harmless-instrument/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a4a/russell-kirk-6909_books_real-literature-is-something-much-better_2173056.jpg)

> [Individualism is a denial that life has any meaning except the gratification of the ego; in politics it must end in anarchy.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/individualism-is-a-denial-that-life-has-any-meaning-except-the/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Anarchy](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/anarchy/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0e8/russell-kirk-6909_anarchy_individualism-is-a-denial-that-life-has_3095584.jpg)

> [The principle of real leadership ignored, the immortal objects of society forgotten, practical conservatism degenerated into mere laudation of private enterprise, economic…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-principle-of-real-leadership-ignored-the-immortal-objects-of/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Business](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/business/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bb8/russell-kirk-6909_business_the-principle-of-real-leadership-ignored_1023933.jpg)

> [It is good for a student to be poor. Getting and spending, the typical American college student lays waste his powers. Work…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/it-is-good-for-a-student-to-be-poor-getting-and-spending-the-typical/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[College](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/college/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d1c/russell-kirk-6909_college_it-is-good-for-a-student-to-be-poor-gett_996264.jpg)

> [ “By “the Permanent Things” \[T. S. Eliot\] meant those elements in the human condition that give us our nature, without which we… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/by-the-permanent-things-t-s-eliot-meant-those-elements-in-the-human/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Culture](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/culture/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/904/russell-kirk-6909_culture_by-the-permanent-things-t-s-eliot-meant_716881.jpg)

> [“Embracing his knees, she babbled of the Holy Blood, and thanked all her saints. "Lei, lei, a miracle! A miracle!" "if so,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/embracing-his-knees-she-babbled-of-the-holy-blood-and-thanked-all-her/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Miracle](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/miracle/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2b3/russell-kirk-6909_miracles_embracing-his-knees-she-babbled-of-the-h_1574295.jpg)

> [If a conservative order is indeed to return, we ought to know the tradition which is attached to it, so that we…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/if-a-conservative-order-is-indeed-to-return-we-ought-to-know-the/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Appetite](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/appetite/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c5d/russell-kirk-6909_appetite_if-a-conservative-order-is-indeed-to-ret_2164028.jpg)

> [Rather than ennobling the public mind and cementing the social fabric, applied science speedily became the chief weapon of a gross individualism,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/rather-than-ennobling-the-public-mind-and-cementing-the-social-fabric/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Ambition](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/ambition/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/91f/russell-kirk-6909_ambition_rather-than-ennobling-the-public-mind-an_2392667.jpg)

> [The twentieth-century conservative is concerned, first of all, for the regeneration of the spirit and character – with the perennial problem of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-twentieth-century-conservative-is-concerned-first-of-all-for-the/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Century](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/century/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a9d/russell-kirk-6909_century_the-twentieth-century-conservative-is-co_435137.jpg)

> [Prejudice is not bigotry or superstition, although prejudice sometimes may degenerate into these. Prejudice is pre-judgment, the answer with which intuition and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/prejudice-is-not-bigotry-or-superstition-although-prejudice-sometimes/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Answers](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/answers/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2b3/russell-kirk-6909_answers_prejudice-is-not-bigotry-or-superstition_2723807.jpg)

> [In any society, order is the first need of all. Liberty and justice may be established only after order is tolerably secure.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/in-any-society-order-is-the-first-need-of-all-liberty-and-justice-may/)

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[Abstract](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/abstract/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b5c/russell-kirk-6909_abstract_in-any-society-order-is-the-first-need-o_552349.jpg)

> [“Manfredo -- Your Excellency -- how can you, even you, hope...?" "Life is a jest, and all things show it, my dear,"…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/manfredo-your-excellency-how-can-you-even-you-hope-life-is-a-jest-and/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Life](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/life/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/60b/russell-kirk-6909_life_manfredo-your-excellency-how-can-you-eve_186793.jpg)

> [“Today, as in the past, we ought to remind ourselves that the true natural law is not a mere congeries of appetites,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/today-as-in-the-past-we-ought-to-remind-ourselves-that-the-true/)

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[Every day](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/every-day/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/457/russell-kirk-6909_every-day_today-as-in-the-past-we-ought-to-remind_195921.jpg)

> [“To narrow natural rights to such neat slogans as "liberty, equality, fraternity" or "life, liberty, property," . . . was to ignore…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/to-narrow-natural-rights-to-such-neat-slogans-as-liberty-equality/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Checks and balances](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/checks-and-balances/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/17d/russell-kirk-6909_checks-and-balances_to-narrow-natural-rights-to-such-neat-sl_2886647.jpg)

> [“Most of us are not really so arrogant as to think we have a right to remold the world in our image.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/most-of-us-are-not-really-so-arrogant-as-to-think-we-have-a-right-to/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Conservatism](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservatism/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a76/russell-kirk-6909_conservatism_most-of-us-are-not-really-so-arrogant-as_1367328.jpg)

> [“Only portions of the globe still enslaved by the enemies of the people refrained from congratulating President Zingu and Premier Villiers-Kolama upon…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/only-portions-of-the-globe-still-enslaved-by-the-enemies-of-the/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Tyrants](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/tyrants/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6e6/russell-kirk-6909_quote_only-portions-of-the-globe-still-enslave_162069.jpg)

> [“There are six canons of conservative thought: 1) Belief in a transcendent order, or body of natural law, which rules society as…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/there-are-six-canons-of-conservative-thought-1-belief-in-a/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Civilized society](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/civilized-society/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c41/russell-kirk-6909_civilized-society_there-are-six-canons-of-conservative-tho_352117.jpg)

> [“The enlightened conservative does not believe that the end or aim of life is competition, or success or enjoyment; or longevity; or…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-enlightened-conservative-does-not-believe-that-the-end-or-aim-of/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Conservative](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservative/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9b2/russell-kirk-6909_life_the-enlightened-conservative-does-not-be_1987022.jpg)

> [“True law necessarily is rooted in ethical assumptions or norms; and those ethical principles are derived, in the beginning at least, from…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/true-law-necessarily-is-rooted-in-ethical-assumptions-or-norms-and/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Christian faith](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/christian-faith/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0fd/russell-kirk-6909_christian-faith_true-law-necessarily-is-rooted-in-ethica_3207113.jpg)

> [“The trouble with purging the school curriculum of religious knowledge is that ultimate questions cannot be answered without reference to religious beliefs…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/russell-kirk/the-trouble-with-purging-the-school-curriculum-of-religious-knowledge/)

[Russell Kirk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/russell-kirk/)

[Divine grace](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/divine-grace/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b5a/russell-kirk-6909_divine-grace_the-trouble-with-purging-the-school-curr_2151332.jpg)

## Russell Kirk by topic

[Conservative (29)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservative/russell-kirk/) [Men (16)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/men/russell-kirk/) [Freedom (12)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/freedom/russell-kirk/) [Nature (11)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/nature/russell-kirk/) [Life (11)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/life/russell-kirk/) [Politics (10)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/politics/russell-kirk/) [Order (10)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/order/russell-kirk/) [Conservatism (10)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/conservatism/russell-kirk/)

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                        "text": "The libertarian thinks that this world is chiefly a stage for the swaggering ego; the conservative finds himself instead a pilgrim in a realm of mystery and wonder, where duty, discipline, and sacrifice are required-and where the reward is that love which passeth all understanding.",
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                        "text": "Principle #6: Recognition that change and reform are not identical, and that innovation is a devouring conflagration more often than it is a torch of progress.",
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                        "text": "...ambition without pious restraint must end in failure, often involving in its ruin that beautiful reverence which solaces common men for the obscurity and poverty of their lot.",
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                        "text": "Real literature is something much better than a harmless instrument for getting through idle hours. The purpose of great literature is to help us to develop into full human beings.",
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                        "text": "Individualism is a denial that life has any meaning except the gratification of the ego; in politics it must end in anarchy. It is not possible for one man to be both Christian and Individualist.",
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                        "text": "The principle of real leadership ignored, the immortal objects of society forgotten, practical conservatism degenerated into mere laudation of private enterprise, economic policy almost wholly surrendered to special interests.",
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                        "text": "It is good for a student to be poor. Getting and spending, the typical American college student lays waste his powers. Work and contemplation don't mix, and university days ought to be days of contemplation.",
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                        "text": "“By “the Permanent Things” [T. S. Eliot] meant those elements in the human condition that give us our nature, without which we are as the beasts that perish. They work upon us all in the sense that both they and we are bound up in that continuity of belief and institution called the great mysterious incorporation of the human race.”",
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                        "text": "“Embracing his knees, she babbled of the Holy Blood, and thanked all her saints. \"Lei, lei, a miracle! A miracle!\" \"if so, one quite arbitrary,\" the Knight observed. \"How very odd of God! Yet conceivably, Melchiora, there exist greater sinners whom the world mistakes for the elect. Were it not for that chance, and were I indeed particularly blessed, one would be tempted to embrace the error of Origen -- though not, my darling, Origen's peculiar mode of renouncing the world.”",
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                        "text": "If a conservative order is indeed to return, we ought to know the tradition which is attached to it, so that we may rebuild society; if it is not to be restored, still we ought to understand conservative ideas so that we may rake from the ashes what scorched fragments of civilizations escape the conflagration of unchecked will and appetite.",
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                        "text": "Rather than ennobling the public mind and cementing the social fabric, applied science speedily became the chief weapon of a gross individualism, which was anathema to the frugal and righteous (John Quincy) Adams, the source of enormous fortunes divorced from duty, the instrument of unscrupulous ambition and rapacious materialism. Presently, it came to scar the very of the country which Adams loved, a disfiguring process uninterrupted since his day.",
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                        "text": "The twentieth-century conservative is concerned, first of all, for the regeneration of the spirit and character – with the perennial problem of the inner order of the soul, the restoration of the ethical understanding, and the religious sanction upon which any life worth living is founded. This is conservatism at its highest.",
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                        "text": "Prejudice is not bigotry or superstition, although prejudice sometimes may degenerate into these. Prejudice is pre-judgment, the answer with which intuition and ancestral consensus of opinion supply a man when he lacks either time or knowledge to arrive at a decision predicated upon pure reason.",
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                        "text": "In any society, order is the first need of all. Liberty and justice may be established only after order is tolerably secure. But the libertarians give primacy to an abstract liberty. Conservatives, knowing that \"liberty inheres in some sensible object,\" are aware that true freedom can be found only within the framework of a social order, such as the constitutional order of these United States. In exalting an absolute and indefinable \"liberty\" at the expense of order, the libertarians imperil the very freedoms they praise.",
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                        "text": "“Manfredo -- Your Excellency -- how can you, even you, hope...?\" \"Life is a jest, and all things show it, my dear,\" I replied; \"and if the most barbarous demagogue of the Congo treats the great of the world with hauteur, why should not such a one as I? Ah, yes: we'd best find time for an appeal to New Delhi, too, and Peiping. The might of Upper Volta must be implored, and the enlightened patriots of Bamako. Effrontery never brought greater rewards than it does in our time. Smile, Melchiora!”",
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                        "text": "“Today, as in the past, we ought to remind ourselves that the true natural law is not a mere congeries of appetites, and that it is not from the vagrant musings of the hour's judges that the natural law derives its high authority. . . . The Catholic tradition of natural law, to borrow a phrase from Sir Ernest Barker, holds that \"law--in the sense of last resort--is somehow above lawmaking.\" This understanding, in effect, still prevails among many Americans, not all of them Catholics. They agree with Justice Frankfurter that natural law is \"what sensible and right-minded men do every day.\" Yet often the public's apprehension of the teachings of natural law is much decayed, in part because of the total secularization of instruction in public schools. . . . Human nature is not vulpine nature, leonine nature, or serpentine nature. Natural law is bound up with the concept of the dignity of man, and with the experience of humankind ever since the beginning of social community.”",
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                        "text": "“To narrow natural rights to such neat slogans as \"liberty, equality, fraternity\" or \"life, liberty, property,\" . . . was to ignore the complexity of public affairs and to leave out of consideration most moral relationships. . . . Burke appealed back beyond Locke to an idea of community far warmer and richer than Locke's or Hobbes's aggregation of individuals. The true compact of society, Burke told his countrymen, is eternal: it joins the dead, the living, and the unborn. We all participate in this spiritual and social partnership, because it is ordained of God. In defense of social harmony, Burke appealed to what Locke had ignored: the love of neighbor and the sense of duty. By the time of the French Revolution, Locke's argument in the Second Treatise already had become insufficient to sustain a social order. . . . The Constitution is not a theoretical document at all, and the influence of Locke upon it is negligible, although Locke's phrases, at least, crept into the Declaration of Independence, despite Jefferson's awkwardness about confessing the source of \"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.\" If we turn to the books read and quoted by American leaders near the end of the eighteenth century, we discover that Locke was but one philosopher and political advocate among the many writers whose influence they acknowledged. . . . Even Jefferson, though he had read Locke, cites in his Commonplace Book such juridical authorities as Coke and Kames much more frequently. As Gilbert Chinard puts it, \"The Jeffersonian philosophy was born under the sign of Hengist and Horsa, not of the Goddess Reason\"--that is, Jefferson was more strongly influenced by his understanding of British history, the Anglo-Saxon age particularly, than by the eighteenth-century rationalism of which Locke was a principal forerunner. . . . Adams treats Locke merely as one of several commendable English friends to liberty. . . . At bottom, the thinking Americans of the last quarter of the eighteenth century found their principles of order in no single political philosopher, but rather in their religion. When schooled Americans of that era approved a writer, commonly it was because his books confirmed their American experience and justified convictions they held already. So far as Locke served their needs, they employed Locke. But other men of ideas served them more immediately. At the Constitutional Convention, no man was quoted more frequently than Montesquieu. Montesquieu rejects Hobbes's compact formed out of fear; but also, if less explicitly, he rejects Locke's version of the social contract. . . . It is Montesquieu's conviction that . . . laws grow slowly out of people's experiences with one another, out of social customs and habits. \"When a people have pure and regular manners, their laws become simple and natural,\" Montesquieu says. It was from Montesquieu, rather than from Locke, that the Framers obtained a theory of checks and balances and of the division of powers. . . . What Madison and other Americans found convincing in Hume was his freedom from mystification, vulgar error, and fanatic conviction: Hume's powerful practical intellect, which settled for politics as the art of the possible. . . . [I]n the Federalist, there occurs no mention of the name of John Locke. In Madison's Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention there is to be found but one reference to Locke, and that incidental. Do not these omissions seem significant to zealots for a \"Lockean interpretation\" of the Constitution? . . . John Locke did not make the Glorious Revolution of 1688 or foreordain the Constitution of the United States. . . . And the Constitution of the United States would have been framed by the same sort of men with the same sort of result, and defended by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay, had Locke in 1689 lost the manuscripts of his Two Treatises of Civil Government while crossing the narrow seas with the Princess Mary.”",
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                        "text": "“Most of us are not really so arrogant as to think we have a right to remold the world in our image. The best we can do, toward redeeming the states of Europe and Asia from the menace of revolution and the distresses of our time, is to realize our own conservative character, suspicious of doctrinaire alteration, respectful toward history, preferring variety over uniformity, acknowledging a moral order composed of human persons, not of mere political and economic atoms subservient to the state. We have not been appointed the correctors of mankind; but, under God, we may be an example to mankind.”",
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                        "text": "“Only portions of the globe still enslaved by the enemies of the people refrained from congratulating President Zingu and Premier Villiers-Kolama upon the astounding successes of their masterly general and his incomparable popular forces. The tyrants may live to rue the day when they ignored the might of revolutionary Hamnegri. These reactionary elements include, of course, the oligarchs of the United States, Perfidious Albion and her sattelites, decadent France, the Latin-American serfs of the United States, corrupt Formosa, brutal Zanzibar, absurd Malaysia, unspeakable Liberia, middle-ages Morocco, bloody-handed South Africa, hypocritical China, barbarous Albania, and the treacherous Limkono Confderation.”",
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                        "text": "“There are six canons of conservative thought: 1) Belief in a transcendent order, or body of natural law, which rules society as well as conscience. Political problems, at bottom, are religious and moral problems. A narrow rationality, what Coleridge called the Understanding, cannot of itself satisfy human needs. \"Every Tory is a realist,\" says Keith Feiling: \"he knows that there are great forces in heaven and earth that man's philosophy cannot plumb or fathom.\" True politics is the art of apprehending and applying the Justice which ought to prevail in a community of souls. 2) Affection for the proliferating variety and mystery of human existence, as opposed to the narrowing uniformity, egalitarianism, and utilitarian aims of most radical systems; conservatives resist what Robert Graves calls \"Logicalism\" in society. This prejudice has been called \"the conservatism of enjoyment\"--a sense that life is worth living, according to Walter Bagehot \"the proper source of an animated Conservatism.\" 3) Conviction that civilized society requires orders and classes, as against the notion of a \"classless society.\" With reason, conservatives have been called \"the party of order.\" If natural distinctions are effaced among men, oligarchs fill the vacuum. Ultimate equality in the judgment of God, and equality before courts of law, are recognized by conservatives; but equality of condition, they think, means equality in servitude and boredom. 4) Persuasion that freedom and property are closely linked: separate property from private possession, and Leviathan becomes master of all. Economic levelling, they maintain, is not economic progress. 5) Faith in prescription and distrust of \"sophisters, calculators, and economists\" who would reconstruct society upon abstract designs. Custom, convention, and old prescription are checks both upon man's anarchic impulse and upon the innovator's lust for power. 6) Recognition that change may not be salutary reform: hasty innovation may be a devouring conflagration, rather than a torch of progress. Society must alter, for prudent change is the means of social preservation; but a statesman must take Providence into his calculations, and a statesman's chief virtue, according to Plato and Burke, is prudence.”",
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                        "text": "“The enlightened conservative does not believe that the end or aim of life is competition, or success or enjoyment; or longevity; or power; or possessions. He believes, instead that the object of life is Love. He knows that the just and ordered society is that in which Love governs us, so far as Love ever can reign in this world of sorrows; and he know that the anarchical or the tyrannical society is that in which Love lies corrupt. He has learnt that Love is the source of all being, and that Hell itself is ordained by Love. He understands that Death, when we have finished the part that was assigned to us, is the reward of Love. And he apprehends the truth that the greatest happiness ever granted to a man is the privilege of being happy in the hour of his death.”",
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                        "text": "“True law necessarily is rooted in ethical assumptions or norms; and those ethical principles are derived, in the beginning at least, from religious convictions. When the religious understanding, from which a concept of law arose in a culture, has been discarded or denied, the laws may endure for some time, through what sociologists call \"cultural lag\"; but in the long run, the laws also will be discarded or denied. With this hard truth in mind, I venture to suggest that the corpus of English and American laws--for the two arise for the most part from a common root of belief and experience--cannot endure forever unless it is animated by the spirit that moved it in the beginning: that is, by religion, and specifically by the Christian people. Certain moral postulates of Christian teaching have been taken for granted, in the past, as the ground of justice. When courts of law ignore those postulates, we grope in judicial darkness. . . . We suffer from a strong movement to exclude such religious beliefs from the operation of courts of law, and to discriminate against those unenlightened who cling fondly to the superstitions of the childhood of the race. Many moral beliefs, however, though sustained by religious convictions, may not be readily susceptible of \"scientific\" demonstration. After all, our abhorrence of murder, rape, and other crimes may be traced back to the Decalogue and other religious injunctions. If it can be shown that our opposition to such offenses is rooted in religion, then are restraints upon murder and rape unconstitutional? We arrive at such absurdities if we attempt to erect a wall of separation between the operation of the laws and those Christian moral convictions that move most Americans. If we are to try to sustain some connection between Christian teaching and the laws of this land of ours, we must understand the character of that link. We must claim neither too much nor too little for the influence of Christian belief upon our structure of law. . . . I am suggesting that Christian faith and reason have been underestimated in an age bestridden, successively, by the vulgarized notions of the rationalists, the Darwinians, and the Freudians. Yet I am not contending that the laws ever have been the Christian word made flesh nor that they can ever be. . . . What Christianity (or any other religion) confers is not a code of positive laws, but instead some general understanding of justice, the human condition being what it is. . . . In short, judges cannot well be metaphysicians--not in the execution of their duties upon the bench, at any rate, even though the majority upon the Supreme Court of this land, and judges in inferior courts, seem often to have mistaken themselves for original moral philosophers during the past quarter century. The law that judges mete out is the product of statute, convention, and precedent. Yet behind statute, convention, and precedent may be discerned, if mistily, the forms of Christian doctrines, by which statute and convention and precedent are much influenced--or once were so influenced. And the more judges ignore Christian assumptions about human nature and justice, the more they are thrown back upon their private resources as abstract metaphysicians--and the more the laws of the land fall into confusion and inconsistency. Prophets and theologians and ministers and priests are not legislators, ordinarily; yet their pronouncements may be incorporated, if sometimes almost unrecognizably, in statute and convention and precedent. The Christian doctrine of natural law cannot be made to do duty for \"the law of the land\"; were this tried, positive justice would be delayed to the end of time. Nevertheless, if the Christian doctrine of natural law is cast aside utterly by magistrates, flouted and mocked, then positive law becomes patternless and arbitrary.”",
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                        "text": "“The trouble with purging the school curriculum of religious knowledge is that ultimate questions cannot be answered without reference to religious beliefs or at least to philosophy. With religion expelled from the schools, a clear field was left for the entrance of the mode of belief called humanitarianism, or secular humanism--the latter a term employed by the cultural historian Christopher Dawson. During the past four decades and more, the place that religion used to hold in American schooling, always a rather modest and non-dogmatic place, has been filled by secular humanism. Its root principle is that human nature and society may be perfected without the operation of divine grace. . . . In his book A Common Faith (1934), [John] Dewey advocated his brand of humanism as a religion. \"Here are all the elements for a religious faith that shall not be confined to sect, class, or race,\" he wrote. \"Such a faith has always been implicitly the common faith of mankind. It remains to make it explicit and militant.\" Much more evidence exists to suggest that humanitarianism, or secular humanism, should be regarded in law as a religion, with respect to both establishment and free exercise in the First Amendment. It is this non-theistic religion, hostile to much of the established morality and many existing American institutions, that has come close to being established as a \"civil religion\" in American public schools.”",
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