---
title: "Best Richard A. Falk Quotes"
description: "Richard Anderson Falk is an American professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University, and Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor's Chai..."
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# Richard A. Falk

 **82** quotes in **847** categories

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Richard Anderson Falk is an American professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University, and Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor's Chairman of the board of trustees.

## Quick Facts About Richard A. Falk

Notable works Crimes of war

## About Richard A. Falk

Richard Anderson Falk is an American professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University, and Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor's Chairman of the board of trustees. In 2004, he was listed as the author or coauthor of 20 books and the editor or coeditor of another 20 volumes. Falk has published extensively with multiple books written about international law and the United Nations.

##  Quotes by Richard A. Falk · Page 2

> [On the cautionary side, Universal Jurisdiction could be used to achieve some kind of ideologically motivated criminalisation of 'the other' that would…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/on-the-cautionary-side-universal-jurisdiction-could-be-used-to/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Achieve](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/achieve/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ed4/richard-a-falk-8295_achieve_on-the-cautionary-side-universal-jurisdi_1624954.jpg)

> [It is on balance desirable to encourage Universal Jurisdiction, and to create pressure from below to make application of such jurisdiction as…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/it-is-on-balance-desirable-to-encourage-universal-jurisdiction-and-to/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Affected](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/affected/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e5d/richard-a-falk-8295_affected_it-is-on-balance-desirable-to-encourage_3105884.jpg)

> [It should be appreciated that this whole effort to hold leaders of states criminally responsible is a rather radical challenge to territorial…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/it-should-be-appreciated-that-this-whole-effort-to-hold-leaders-of/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Appreciated](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/appreciated/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/dcf/richard-a-falk-8295_appreciated_it-should-be-appreciated-that-this-whole_472131.jpg)

> [My own sense is that if David Friedman chooses to live in Jerusalem, and quietly conduct diplomatic business from the now existing…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/my-own-sense-is-that-if-david-friedman-chooses-to-live-in-jerusalem/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Business](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/business/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/90f/richard-a-falk-8295_business_my-own-sense-is-that-if-david-friedman-c_1358652.jpg)

> [I think the impacts of 9/11 on academic freedom vary greatly depending on locale and time (softening with the passage of time),…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/i-think-the-impacts-of-9-11-on-academic-freedom-vary-greatly/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Academic](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/academic/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/385/richard-a-falk-8295_academic_i-think-the-impacts-of-9-11-on-academic_673982.jpg)

> [Post-1989 capitalism was far more unfriendly to economic and social rights than was the prior capitalism seeking to win public approval as…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/post-1989-capitalism-was-far-more-unfriendly-to-economic-and-social/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Approval](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/approval/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/084/richard-a-falk-8295_approval_post-1989-capitalism-was-far-more-unfrie_2051988.jpg)

> [It may be that there is so much ambiguity and ideology attached to the term 'terrorism' that it is best to avoid…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/it-may-be-that-there-is-so-much-ambiguity-and-ideology-attached-to/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Ambiguity](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/ambiguity/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/949/richard-a-falk-8295_ambiguity_it-may-be-that-there-is-so-much-ambiguit_2311331.jpg)

> [Looked at objectively, it is clear that the overwhelming majority of civilian deaths resulting from political violence are produced by what should…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/looked-at-objectively-it-is-clear-that-the-overwhelming-majority-of/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Civilian deaths](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/civilian-deaths-33051/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d73/richard-a-falk-8295_civilian-deaths_looked-at-objectively-it-is-clear-that-t_1451206.jpg)

> [It would seem to be the case that pressure on Iran to acquire nuclear weapons is almost totally driven by their need…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/it-would-seem-to-be-the-case-that-pressure-on-iran-to-acquire-nuclear/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Acquire](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/acquire/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c21/richard-a-falk-8295_acquire_it-would-seem-to-be-the-case-that-pressu_3203199.jpg)

> [There was a deliberate decision after the failure of the League of Nations to make the next attempt to establish a global…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/there-was-a-deliberate-decision-after-the-failure-of-the-league-of/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Achieve](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/achieve/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f48/richard-a-falk-8295_achieve_there-was-a-deliberate-decision-after-th_1277358.jpg)

> [Human rights and international criminal law both illustrate the contradictory potential of international law. On one level, the imposition of human rights…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/human-rights-and-international-criminal-law-both-illustrate-the/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Accountability](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/accountability/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a58/richard-a-falk-8295_accountability_human-rights-and-international-criminal_2285357.jpg)

> [Doing something, however pathetic, is psychologically better than doing nothing. In the current political environment - that is, with no more Cold…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/doing-something-however-pathetic-is-psychologically-better-than-doing/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Cold](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/cold/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/00c/richard-a-falk-8295_cold_doing-something-however-pathetic-is-psyc_1112877.jpg)

> [The weaknesses and biases of the international mechanisms of accountability make it seem desirable to extend the domain of accountability by empowering…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/the-weaknesses-and-biases-of-the-international-mechanisms-of/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Accountability](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/accountability/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2e3/richard-a-falk-8295_accountability_the-weaknesses-and-biases-of-the-interna_323285.jpg)

> [To achieve effectiveness and legitimacy it is time to scrap the right of veto given to permanent members of the UN, or…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/to-achieve-effectiveness-and-legitimacy-it-is-time-to-scrap-the-right/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Abandon](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/abandon/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/70a/richard-a-falk-8295_abandon_to-achieve-effectiveness-and-legitimacy_1305492.jpg)

> [Trump will have to take up juggling if he goes ahead and scraps the agreement with Iran and at the same time,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/trump-will-have-to-take-up-juggling-if-he-goes-ahead-and-scraps-the/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Agreement](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/agreement/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/056/richard-a-falk-8295_agreement_trump-will-have-to-take-up-juggling-if-h_738062.jpg)

> [There is no doubt that this fusion of terrorist and Muslim feeds virulent forms of Islamophobia, which is also encouraged by such…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/there-is-no-doubt-that-this-fusion-of-terrorist-and-muslim-feeds/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Adversaries](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/adversaries/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c71/richard-a-falk-8295_adversaries_there-is-no-doubt-that-this-fusion-of-te_1498462.jpg)

> [The Goldstone Report establishes the credibility of the accusations directed at Israel with respect to its tactics used during the 2008 -…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/the-goldstone-report-establishes-the-credibility-of-the-accusations/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Able](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/able/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a9b/richard-a-falk-8295_able_the-goldstone-report-establishes-the-cre_2828310.jpg)

> [I am quite confident that there are numerous discussions going in various "deep states" throughout the world about how to contain Trump's…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/i-am-quite-confident-that-there-are-numerous-discussions-going-in/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[America](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/america/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a93/richard-a-falk-8295_america_i-am-quite-confident-that-there-are-nume_546243.jpg)

> [Hamas retains the right to defend Gaza by the use of the weaponry at its disposal, and is thus not committed to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/hamas-retains-the-right-to-defend-gaza-by-the-use-of-the-weaponry-at/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Abandoned](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/abandoned/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7c4/richard-a-falk-8295_abandoned_hamas-retains-the-right-to-defend-gaza-b_1086258.jpg)

> [It would not be desirable to include 'terrorism' among international crimes subject to International Criminal Court jurisdiction if defined to apply only…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/it-would-not-be-desirable-to-include-terrorism-among-international/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Acts of violence](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/acts-of-violence/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d27/richard-a-falk-8295_acts-of-violence_it-would-not-be-desirable-to-include-ter_894996.jpg)

> [More recently the US has more accurately been viewed as a militarist 'empire' that fights destructive wars and intervenes in a variety…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/more-recently-the-us-has-more-accurately-been-viewed-as-a-militarist/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Crucial](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/crucial/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4b1/richard-a-falk-8295_crucial_more-recently-the-us-has-more-accurately_2430571.jpg)

> [When Daniel Gorenstein was chair, he did mathematics from 5am to 12noon, spending the second half of his working day on administration.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/when-daniel-gorenstein-was-chair-he-did-mathematics-from-5am-to/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Administration](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/administration/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d15/richard-a-falk-8295_administration_when-daniel-gorenstein-was-chair-he-did_1709177.jpg)

> [As matters now stand, the combination of genocide, as conventionally understood, and crimes against humanity, seems sufficient to cover the criminality of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/as-matters-now-stand-the-combination-of-genocide-as-conventionally/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Combination](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/combination/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/67d/richard-a-falk-8295_combination_as-matters-now-stand-the-combination-of_1201378.jpg)

> [Trump's election is generally bad news… In international policy, one can imagine that if Trump were foolish enough to go ahead with…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/trump-s-election-is-generally-bad-news-in-international-policy-one/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Bad news](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/bad-news/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/005/richard-a-falk-8295_bad-news_trump-s-election-is-generally-bad-news-i_778325.jpg)

> [The existing order is breaking down at a very rapid rate, and the main uncertainty is whether mankind can exert a positive…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/the-existing-order-is-breaking-down-at-a-very-rapid-rate-and-the-main/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Believe](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/believe/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bc4/richard-a-falk-8295_believe_the-existing-order-is-breaking-down-at-a_1130823.jpg)

> [I can only hope that Trump comes to realize the grave dangers of adopting a policy of confrontation toward Iran. Among these…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/i-can-only-hope-that-trump-comes-to-realize-the-grave-dangers-of/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Adopting](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/adopting/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1cb/richard-a-falk-8295_adopting_i-can-only-hope-that-trump-comes-to-real_1035946.jpg)

> [It should be appreciated that if the arrangement on Iran's nuclear program collapses after being so patiently negotiated, and successfully implemented since…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/it-should-be-appreciated-that-if-the-arrangement-on-iran-s-nuclear/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Appreciated](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/appreciated/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/92c/richard-a-falk-8295_appreciated_it-should-be-appreciated-that-if-the-arr_2395176.jpg)

> [American special relationships with Israel and Saudi Arabia blind us to their dreadful encroachments on human rights, as well as confer impunity…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/american-special-relationships-with-israel-and-saudi-arabia-blind-us/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Accountability](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/accountability/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/be1/richard-a-falk-8295_accountability_american-special-relationships-with-isra_1212283.jpg)

> [What both the state and the capitalist economy oppose is an understanding of what might be called "the true nature of things"…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/what-both-the-state-and-the-capitalist-economy-oppose-is-an/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Capitalism](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/capitalism/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/403/richard-a-falk-8295_capitalism_what-both-the-state-and-the-capitalist-e_304368.jpg)

> [The main challenge is what to do in the face of double standards. Those who should be rendered accountable under international criminal…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/the-main-challenge-is-what-to-do-in-the-face-of-double-standards/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Abuse](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/abuse/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6ec/richard-a-falk-8295_abuse_the-main-challenge-is-what-to-do-in-the_3010949.jpg)

> [Any move by Israel to end the conflict with the Palestinians by unilateral moves - such as annexing the West Bank, delinking…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/any-move-by-israel-to-end-the-conflict-with-the-palestinians-by/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Behavior](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/behavior/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/745/richard-a-falk-8295_behavior_any-move-by-israel-to-end-the-conflict-w_2993706.jpg)

> [It is possible that, in fact, Trump's call for "America First" (despite evoking unpleasant recollections that such a phrase was the invention…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/it-is-possible-that-in-fact-trump-s-call-for-america-first-despite/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[1930s](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/zz-1930s-382/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/975/richard-a-falk-8295_1930s_it-is-possible-that-in-fact-trump-s-call_610157.jpg)

> [Historically, international law lent a measure of legality to the colonial system, and allowed the West to set the rules for participation…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/historically-international-law-lent-a-measure-of-legality-to-the/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Benefits](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/benefits/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9e3/richard-a-falk-8295_benefits_historically-international-law-lent-a-me_111919.jpg)

> [Both Israel and the United States have mounted attacks on 'lawfare', that is, counter-hegemonic uses of international law to question policies associated…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/both-israel-and-the-united-states-have-mounted-attacks-on-lawfare/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Criminals](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/criminals/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/230/richard-a-falk-8295_criminals_both-israel-and-the-united-states-have-m_2723865.jpg)

> [Nothing is more important than restoring a high degree of autonomy to educational experiences so that those who grow up in this…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/nothing-is-more-important-than-restoring-a-high-degree-of-autonomy-to/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Autonomy](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/autonomy/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/768/richard-a-falk-8295_autonomy_nothing-is-more-important-than-restoring_158183.jpg)

> [ This kind of totalization of security consciousness \[after tragedy of 9/11\] has the effect within classrooms (and beyond) of constraining the imagination… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/this-kind-of-totalization-of-security-consciousness-after-tragedy-of/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Attitude](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/attitude/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1ea/richard-a-falk-8295_attitude_this-kind-of-totalization-of-security-co_2263131.jpg)

> [At present, the United States, with over 700 foreign military bases, navies in every ocean, a programme to militarise space, and drone…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/at-present-the-united-states-with-over-700-foreign-military-bases/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Bases](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/bases/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5c8/richard-a-falk-8295_bases_at-present-the-united-states-with-over-7_1512055.jpg)

> [The systemic incompatibility between free-market capitalism and the quality of democratic life and respect for human rights has to be modified to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/the-systemic-incompatibility-between-free-market-capitalism-and-the/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Accounts](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/accounts/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bbd/richard-a-falk-8295_accounts_the-systemic-incompatibility-between-fre_2249287.jpg)

> [The UDHR has become an iconic document over the course of more than six decades, the starting point for discussions of whether…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/the-udhr-has-become-an-iconic-document-over-the-course-of-more-than/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Courses](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/courses/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2d6/richard-a-falk-8295_courses_the-udhr-has-become-an-iconic-document-o_218683.jpg)

> [There is no effort to acknowledge some equivalent accountability by associating "terrorism" with all violence that is deliberately aimed at civilians, either…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/richard-a-falk/there-is-no-effort-to-acknowledge-some-equivalent-accountability-by/)

[Richard A. Falk](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/richard-a-falk/)

[Accountability](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/accountability/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/db7/richard-a-falk-8295_accountability_there-is-no-effort-to-acknowledge-some-e_2161496.jpg)

## Richard A. Falk by topic

[States (30)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/states/richard-a-falk/) [Israel (25)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/israel/richard-a-falk/) [World (17)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/world/richard-a-falk/) [International (16)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/international/richard-a-falk/) [Ifs (16)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/ifs/richard-a-falk/) [Law (11)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/law/richard-a-falk/) [War (10)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/war/richard-a-falk/)

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                        "text": "On the cautionary side, Universal Jurisdiction could be used to achieve some kind of ideologically motivated criminalisation of 'the other' that would discredit and derail a constructive effort to develop a credible meta-law that governs the behaviour of leaders of sovereign states.",
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                        "text": "It is on balance desirable to encourage Universal Jurisdiction, and to create pressure from below to make application of such jurisdiction as consistent as possible. I think this will act as a deterrent in some situations, although this impact will never be acknowledged by those affected as it would only embolden civil society to intensify its pressures.",
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                        "text": "It should be appreciated that this whole effort to hold leaders of states criminally responsible is a rather radical challenge to territorial sovereignty and a repudiation of the whole related ethos of 'sovereign immunity'.",
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                        "text": "My own sense is that if David Friedman chooses to live in Jerusalem, and quietly conduct diplomatic business from the now existing US consulate in the city, it will not be noticed very much. It will not be treated as a rupture with the past unless it is accompanied by other American encouragements of Israeli extremism undertaken with the clear backing of the White House.",
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                        "text": "I think the impacts of 9/11 on academic freedom vary greatly depending on locale and time (softening with the passage of time), and even within the same community, and likely within the same schools. This variability makes it difficult to offer generalized responses without accompanying caveats.",
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                        "text": "Post-1989 capitalism was far more unfriendly to economic and social rights than was the prior capitalism seeking to win public approval as a more compassionate economic arrangement than that which prevailed in state socialist economies.",
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                        "text": "It may be that there is so much ambiguity and ideology attached to the term 'terrorism' that it is best to avoid its use altogether, as it is likely to be twisted in public discourse to demonise the enemies of the established order, while exempting state violence from legal and moral scrutiny.",
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                        "text": "Looked at objectively, it is clear that the overwhelming majority of civilian deaths resulting from political violence are produced by what should be understood as \"state terror.\" Terrorism also serves as an excuse to avoid diplomacy and the peaceful resolution of conflict.",
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                        "text": "It would seem to be the case that pressure on Iran to acquire nuclear weapons is almost totally driven by their need for a deterrent capability to avoid the fate of Iraq, Libya. The use of American military force in Syria thus sends exactly the opposite message as supposedly desired to the leadership in Tehran - and to others. North Korea has been dealt with diplomatically because it has the bomb and might use it if provoked.",
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                        "text": "There was a deliberate decision after the failure of the League of Nations to make the next attempt to establish a global political actor sensitive to geopolitical realities. The underlying idea was to provide major states, defined in 1945 by reference to the winners in the Second World War (now an anachronism), with assurance that they could take part in the UN without jeopardising their national interests. In this regard, the UN has succeeded, as none of the big countries has withdrawn, and the Organisation has managed to achieve virtually universal membership of all sovereign states.",
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                        "text": "Human rights and international criminal law both illustrate the contradictory potential of international law. On one level, the imposition of human rights norms is a restraint on interventionary diplomacy, especially if coupled with respect for the legal norm of self-determination. But on another level, the protection of human rights creates a pretext for intervention as given approval by the UN Security Council in the form of the R2P (responsibility to protect) norm, as used in the 2011 Libyan intervention. The same applies with international criminal accountability.",
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                        "text": "Doing something, however pathetic, is psychologically better than doing nothing. In the current political environment - that is, with no more Cold War tensions - the tendency is to counteract the feelings of fear and vulnerability with a variety of military, paramilitary and police measures, despite the reality that this kind of excessive reliance on force in many ways intensifies the very problem it is purporting to solve.",
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                        "text": "The weaknesses and biases of the international mechanisms of accountability make it seem desirable to extend the domain of accountability by empowering domestic courts to act as agents of the world legal system. Even if there is no consistent application of Universal Jurisdiction, it still leads those who might be prosecuted to alter their travel plans to avoid even the complication of waiting for a complaint to be dismissed.",
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                        "text": "To achieve effectiveness and legitimacy it is time to scrap the right of veto given to permanent members of the UN, or at least severely restrict its use. It is also time to either abandon the idea of permanent membership or broaden it to reflect the rise of non-Western states to the status of global leaders (e.g. Brazil, India, Indonesia, Turkey, South Africa), and to downgrade European representation by either giving the European Union a single seat or rotating a European state among Germany, France, UK, and Italy.",
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                        "text": "Trump will have to take up juggling if he goes ahead and scraps the agreement with Iran and at the same time, seeks to avoid alienating Russia, and quite possibly France and Germany. These European countries are already nervous about what the Trump presidency means with respect to the future of the post-World War II international order that has essentially kept the peace on the continent since 1945. This order is far from perfect, of course, and under pressure from other sources, especially due to the rise of chauvinism and European Trumpism.",
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                        "text": "There is no doubt that this fusion of terrorist and Muslim feeds virulent forms of Islamophobia, which is also encouraged by such incidents as the Westgate Mall massacre in Nairobi and the Anglican Church bombing in Pakistan. 9/11 greatly intensified this tendency toward fusion, but it had also been nurtured by Israeli propaganda that portrayed their Palestinian and Arab adversaries as \"terrorists.\" In fact, the US government approach after 9/11 was modeled in many of its features on Israeli tactics developed during the long occupation of Palestine.",
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                        "text": "The Goldstone Report establishes the credibility of the accusations directed at Israel with respect to its tactics used during the 2008 - 09 attacks on Gaza, but was not able to facilitate the next step that would have involved activating accountability mechanisms either within Israel or at the level of international society.",
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                        "text": "I am quite confident that there are numerous discussions going in various \"deep states\" throughout the world about how to contain Trump's America geopolitically and economically, given the early indications that his policies will intensify conflict in many parts of the world.",
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                        "text": "Hamas retains the right to defend Gaza by the use of the weaponry at its disposal, and is thus not committed to nonviolence, but it does offer the possibility of greater peace and stability for both Israelis and Palestinians if the label of \"terrorism\" was abandoned and the search for accommodation was commenced in good faith.",
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                        "text": "It would not be desirable to include 'terrorism' among international crimes subject to International Criminal Court jurisdiction if defined to apply only to anti-state acts of violence. The failure to include terrorism as a distinct crime was due to the inability to agree upon its proper definition.",
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                        "text": "More recently the US has more accurately been viewed as a militarist 'empire' that fights destructive wars and intervenes in a variety of societies, especially in the Middle East to retain control over oil reserves, and lends crucial support to Israel that not only oppresses the Palestinian people but threatens to convert the entire region into a war zone.",
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                        "text": "When Daniel Gorenstein was chair, he did mathematics from 5am to 12noon, spending the second half of his working day on administration. When I was chair, I also spent half of my time on research: every other minute.",
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                        "text": "As matters now stand, the combination of genocide, as conventionally understood, and crimes against humanity, seems sufficient to cover the criminality of political leaders, and the lethal consequences of totalising ideologies.",
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                        "text": "Trump's election is generally bad news… In international policy, one can imagine that if Trump were foolish enough to go ahead with his pledge to move the American Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, it would be widely experienced throughout the Islamic world as a provocation.",
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                        "text": "The existing order is breaking down at a very rapid rate, and the main uncertainty is whether mankind can exert a positive role in shaping a new world order or is doomed to await collapse in a passive posture. We believe a new orderwill be born no later than early in the next century and that the death throes of the old and the birth pangs of the new will be a testing time for the human species.",
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                        "text": "I can only hope that Trump comes to realize the grave dangers of adopting a policy of confrontation toward Iran. Among these dangers is the likelihood that hardliners would again gain the upper hand in the governing process in Tehran, and the moderates who have sought to end national and regional tensions would be marginalized, or worse.",
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                        "text": "It should be appreciated that if the arrangement on Iran's nuclear program collapses after being so patiently negotiated, and successfully implemented since 2014 despite the intense opposition of Netanyahu's Israel and its American loyalists in Congress, it would be widely perceived around the world as a huge setback in the search for regional stability and the struggle to prevent any further spread of nuclear weapons.",
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                        "text": "American special relationships with Israel and Saudi Arabia blind us to their dreadful encroachments on human rights, as well as confer impunity on their leaders with respect to accountability for crimes against humanity.",
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                        "text": "What both the state and the capitalist economy oppose is an understanding of what might be called \"the true nature of things\" (using the phrase without metaphysical pretensions), especially injustices and exploitative practices.",
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                        "text": "The main challenge is what to do in the face of double standards. Those who should be rendered accountable under international criminal law, the Kissingers of this world, enjoy de facto impunity, while those who come from countries that have long been targets of hegemonic abuse are used as poster children of accountability.",
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                        "text": "Any move by Israel to end the conflict with the Palestinians by unilateral moves - such as annexing the West Bank, delinking Gaza and declaring that there be no further diplomatic process - will lead to strong regional and global reactions, as well as intensify efforts at the UN and in civil society to brand Israel as an outlaw state dangerous to regional and world peace and guilty of criminal behavior.",
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