---
title: "55 David Livermore Quotes"
description: "David Livermore is an English retired footballer who was most recently caretaker manager of Millwall. Livermore has featured for clubs such as Arsenal, ..."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e5f/david-livermore-12357_becoming_becoming-a-culturally-intelligent-innova_1805682.jpg"
---

# David Livermore

 **55** quotes in **307** categories

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David Livermore is an English retired footballer who was most recently caretaker manager of Millwall. Livermore has featured for clubs such as Arsenal, Millwall, Hull City, Brighton & Hove Albion, Luton Town and Oldham Athletic. He also served as a player/manager at Histon.

##  Quotes by David Livermore

> [Becoming a culturally intelligent innovators starts with something as basic as exercising self-control.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/becoming-a-culturally-intelligent-innovators-starts-with-something-as/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Becoming](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/becoming/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e5f/david-livermore-12357_becoming_becoming-a-culturally-intelligent-innova_1805682.jpg)

> [Given the increasing diversity among customers and employees, organizations that attend to cultural intelligence are more successful.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/given-the-increasing-diversity-among-customers-and-employees/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Cultural](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/cultural/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a79/david-livermore-12357_cultural_given-the-increasing-diversity-among-cus_3061297.jpg)

> [“Cultural intelligence is the “capability to function effectively across national, ethnic, and organizational cultures.”1”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/cultural-intelligence-is-the-capability-to-function-effectively/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Cultural](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/cultural/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/97a/david-livermore-12357_cultural_cultural-intelligence-is-the-capability_3192232.jpg)

> [Nature is good for all of us. When we're exposed to trees and other natural settings - even within the city, it…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/nature-is-good-for-all-of-us-when-we-re-exposed-to-trees-and-other/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Cities](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/cities/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4e3/david-livermore-12357_cities_nature-is-good-for-all-of-us-when-we-re_3222198.jpg)

> [The more diverse your team, the better you'll be at identifying what a diversity of users perceive as problems.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/the-more-diverse-your-team-the-better-you-ll-be-at-identifying-what-a/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Diverse](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/diverse/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/aa9/david-livermore-12357_diverse_the-more-diverse-your-team-the-better-yo_2998852.jpg)

> [What really makes the difference in innovation is whether the corporate culture is paying attention to innovation.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/what-really-makes-the-difference-in-innovation-is-whether-the/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Attention](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/attention/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/104/david-livermore-12357_attention_what-really-makes-the-difference-in-inno_643670.jpg)

> [Natural light consistently fosters innovation, as does the avoidance of disturbances from noise and extreme temperatures.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/natural-light-consistently-fosters-innovation-as-does-the-avoidance/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Avoidance](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/avoidance/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e41/david-livermore-12357_avoidance_natural-light-consistently-fosters-innov_762677.jpg)

> [May we all beware lest our innovative ideas appear very cliche before we even blink.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/may-we-all-beware-lest-our-innovative-ideas-appear-very-cliche-before/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Blink](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/blink/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/da4/david-livermore-12357_blink_may-we-all-beware-lest-our-innovative-id_3212032.jpg)

> [“The desire to treat other people with honor and respect doesn't automatically mean our behavior comes across as dignifying and kind. There…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/the-desire-to-treat-other-people-with-honor-and-respect-doesn-t/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Honor](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/honor/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4ea/david-livermore-12357_honor_the-desire-to-treat-other-people-with-ho_108377.jpg)

> [“Individuals who have a strong ability to empathize and relate to people in their own cultures might find the same empathetic and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/individuals-who-have-a-strong-ability-to-empathize-and-relate-to/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Social skills](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/social-skills/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/77c/david-livermore-12357_social-skills_individuals-who-have-a-strong-ability-to_2054484.jpg)

> [Minimization is what happens when we take the "world is flat" idea too far...and act as if people everywhere are the same…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/minimization-is-what-happens-when-we-take-the-world-is-flat-idea-too/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Differences](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/differences/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6aa/david-livermore-12357_differences_minimization-is-what-happens-when-we-tak_902542.jpg)

> [There are people who are out to take advantage of others and some who are merely putting in their time. But most…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/there-are-people-who-are-out-to-take-advantage-of-others-and-some-who/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Advantage](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/advantage/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/794/david-livermore-12357_advantage_there-are-people-who-are-out-to-take-adv_309026.jpg)

> [Trust is consistently seen as a make or break component of innovation - particularly because the freedom to fail is an important…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/trust-is-consistently-seen-as-a-make-or-break-component-of-innovation/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Break](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/break/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fed/david-livermore-12357_break_trust-is-consistently-seen-as-a-make-or_1482490.jpg)

> [Culturally intelligent leaders will not assume they know what will build trust with clients or staff. Instead, they'll discover what's most important…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/culturally-intelligent-leaders-will-not-assume-they-know-what-will/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Assuming](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/assuming/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/89c/david-livermore-12357_assuming_culturally-intelligent-leaders-will-not_2253222.jpg)

> [When you start paying attention to diversity, you notice it (and notice its absence!). And based on the culture of your upbringing…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/when-you-start-paying-attention-to-diversity-you-notice-it-and-notice/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Absence](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/absence/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/358/david-livermore-12357_absence_when-you-start-paying-attention-to-diver_1915979.jpg)

> [“instead of translating what they're saying, she says to the Mandarin-speaking audience, “Our presenter is telling a joke right now. The polite…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/instead-of-translating-what-they-re-saying-she-says-to-the-mandarin/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Comedy](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/comedy/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7b1/david-livermore-12357_comedy_instead-of-translating-what-they-re-sayi_2497266.jpg)

> [Smaller companies are often more homogenous. Don't simply increase your diversity because of the social pressure to do so. Instead, realize that…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/smaller-companies-are-often-more-homogenous-don-t-simply-increase/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Company](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/company/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c87/david-livermore-12357_company_smaller-companies-are-often-more-homogen_3164418.jpg)

> [“research finds that being an extrovert is correlated to some of the dimensions of cultural intelligence. There's also a positive relationship between…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/research-finds-that-being-an-extrovert-is-correlated-to-some-of-the/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Extrovert](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/extrovert/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/55f/david-livermore-12357_extrovert_research-finds-that-being-an-extrovert-i_2459805.jpg)

> [“The final step toward cultural intelligence, CQ action, is where the rubber meets the road. Do we know what someone is talking…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/the-final-step-toward-cultural-intelligence-cq-action-is-where-the/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Cultural Intelligence](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/cultural-intelligence-602673/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a8f/david-livermore-12357_quote_the-final-step-toward-cultural-intellige_1147313.jpg)

> [Perspective taking is taking on the perspective of others. It's what we do anytime we buy a gift for someone else ("What…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/perspective-taking-is-taking-on-the-perspective-of-others-it-s-what/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Acknowledge](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/acknowledge/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/187/david-livermore-12357_acknowledge_perspective-taking-is-taking-on-the-pers_380151.jpg)

> [The two most important forms of diversity when it comes to innovation are visible diversity (typically skin color, age, gender, etc.) and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/the-two-most-important-forms-of-diversity-when-it-comes-to-innovation/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Age](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/age/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/61c/david-livermore-12357_age_the-two-most-important-forms-of-diversit_2383544.jpg)

> [The distraction, particularly of technology, impedes the innovative process. And when you add to that the distraction of working with colleagues who…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/the-distraction-particularly-of-technology-impedes-the-innovative/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Add](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/add/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bbc/david-livermore-12357_add_the-distraction-particularly-of-technolo_223689.jpg)

> [“Here are several strategies for enhancing communication when addressing an audience of second-language English speakers: Slow down. Slow down. Slow down. Use…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/here-are-several-strategies-for-enhancing-communication-when/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Communication](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/communication/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/399/david-livermore-12357_communication_here-are-several-strategies-for-enhancin_2591890.jpg)

> [I do think stories are one of the best tools for communicating across any number of cultures. But I also think there…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/i-do-think-stories-are-one-of-the-best-tools-for-communicating-across/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Communicate](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/communicate/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e32/david-livermore-12357_communicate_i-do-think-stories-are-one-of-the-best-t_1460244.jpg)

> [“International leaders in business, government, and nonprofit organizations whisper behind closed doors about the way visiting Americans live in their own bubbles…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/international-leaders-in-business-government-and-nonprofit/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Behind closed doors](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/behind-closed-doors/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/691/david-livermore-12357_behind-closed-doors_international-leaders-in-business-govern_56219.jpg)

> [“Cross-cultural experience by itself does not ensure cultural intelligence, but when wed with the other capabilities of cultural intelligence, it plays a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/cross-cultural-experience-by-itself-does-not-ensure-cultural/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Long time](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/long-time/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c44/david-livermore-12357_long-time_cross-cultural-experience-by-itself-does_1645254.jpg)

> [“Leaders have to learn the level of comfort individuals and cultures have with direct versus indirect orders and requests and adjust accordingly.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/leaders-have-to-learn-the-level-of-comfort-individuals-and-cultures/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Communication](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/communication/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f47/david-livermore-12357_communication_leaders-have-to-learn-the-level-of-comfo_2034428.jpg)

> [“Most national cultures across Europe and North America are categorized as low-context cultures. Many of our connections with particular people and places…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/most-national-cultures-across-europe-and-north-america-are/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Culture](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/culture/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/dd3/david-livermore-12357_culture_most-national-cultures-across-europe-and_811343.jpg)

> [“A low-context culture is a place where little is left to assumption so things are spelled out explicitly. In contrast, high-context cultures…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/a-low-context-culture-is-a-place-where-little-is-left-to-assumption/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Culture](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/culture/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/180/david-livermore-12357_culture_a-low-context-culture-is-a-place-where-l_2104772.jpg)

> [“Finally, every society develops a system of aesthetic standards that get manifested in everything from decorative art, music, and dance to the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/finally-every-society-develops-a-system-of-aesthetic-standards-that/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Art](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/art/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2ce/david-livermore-12357_art_finally-every-society-develops-a-system_58590.jpg)

> [“As we gain an understanding of what's going on internally, we need to apply that same kind of awareness and understanding to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/as-we-gain-an-understanding-of-what-s-going-on-internally-we-need-to/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Developing countries](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/developing-countries/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d8d/david-livermore-12357_developing-countries_as-we-gain-an-understanding-of-what-s-go_336643.jpg)

> [“For the most part, food plays a very functional role in American culture. We eat to work. If Aini was visiting in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/for-the-most-part-food-plays-a-very-functional-role-in-american/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[American culture](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/american-culture/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a74/david-livermore-12357_american-culture_for-the-most-part-food-plays-a-very-func_3226747.jpg)

> [The best way to improve perspective taking is to see users up close.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/the-best-way-to-improve-perspective-taking-is-to-see-users-up-close/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Best way](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/best-way/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9f3/david-livermore-12357_best-way_the-best-way-to-improve-perspective-taki_2695175.jpg)

> [Most people probably become more jaded the longer they work in the world of work.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/most-people-probably-become-more-jaded-the-longer-they-work-in-the/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Jaded](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/jaded/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c46/david-livermore-12357_jaded_most-people-probably-become-more-jaded-t_2772899.jpg)

> [For me, the key question is what's behind the dangerous idea. If it's simply to stir things up and appear radical, I'm…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/for-me-the-key-question-is-what-s-behind-the-dangerous-idea-if-it-s/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Behinds](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/behinds/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9ce/david-livermore-12357_behinds_for-me-the-key-question-is-what-s-behind_2228963.jpg)

> [“In most cultures, eating together has far more symbolic value than simply “grabbing a bite to eat.” Sharing a meal together can…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/in-most-cultures-eating-together-has-far-more-symbolic-value-than/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Eating](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/eating/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d64/david-livermore-12357_eating_in-most-cultures-eating-together-has-far_281510.jpg)

> [I never expected my graduate degrees to give me all the practical how-to's that can perhaps only be learned through the school…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/i-never-expected-my-graduate-degrees-to-give-me-all-the-practical-how/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Degrees](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/degrees/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b4a/david-livermore-12357_degrees_i-never-expected-my-graduate-degrees-to_596585.jpg)

> [Culturally intelligent innovation begins with changing our impulse from Why can't you see it like I do? to Help me see what…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/culturally-intelligent-innovation-begins-with-changing-our-impulse/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Help me](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/help-me/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/86c/david-livermore-12357_help-me_culturally-intelligent-innovation-begins_2908264.jpg)

> [The better you work to find the pain point and problem facing a diversity of users, the more clearly you can DEFINE…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/the-better-you-work-to-find-the-pain-point-and-problem-facing-a/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Diversity](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/diversity/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5be/david-livermore-12357_diversity_the-better-you-work-to-find-the-pain-poi_570481.jpg)

> [Clashing expectations are what most consistently derail any team, and especially a culturally diverse team. So if you take the time to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/david-livermore/clashing-expectations-are-what-most-consistently-derail-any-team-and/)

[David Livermore](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/david-livermore/)

[Consistently](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/consistently/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1a6/david-livermore-12357_consistently_clashing-expectations-are-what-most-cons_225528.jpg)

## David Livermore by topic

[Innovation (11)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/innovation/david-livermore/) [Culture (10)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/culture/david-livermore/)

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                        "text": "Smaller companies are often more homogenous. Don't simply increase your diversity because of the social pressure to do so. Instead, realize that hiring a more diverse team will give you a whole new repertoires of innovative ideas. And then develop a strategy for effectively using the diversity of your team.",
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                        "text": "“research finds that being an extrovert is correlated to some of the dimensions of cultural intelligence. There's also a positive relationship between being naturally conscientious and having higher CQ strategy; and the personality trait referred to as “openness,” a general curiosity toward circumstances and the world, is positively related to all four dimensions of cultural intelligence.14”",
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                        "text": "“The final step toward cultural intelligence, CQ action, is where the rubber meets the road. Do we know what someone is talking about? Are we able to communicate effectively? Can we lead people respectfully and adjust our behavior as needed while still remaining true to who we are? CQ action is the extent to which we appropriately change our verbal and nonverbal actions when we interact cross-culturally. The goal is to be yourself while figuring out which behaviors need to change in order to accomplish your objectives.”",
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                        "text": "Perspective taking is taking on the perspective of others. It's what we do anytime we buy a gift for someone else (\"What would they like?\"). So it means breaking the golden rule (\"Treat others the way you want to be treated\") and instead, acknowledges that others may not want what you want.",
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                        "text": "The two most important forms of diversity when it comes to innovation are visible diversity (typically skin color, age, gender, etc.) and underrepresentation (anytime someone is less than 15% of the majority group). Other forms of diversity are also relevant but these are the ones that psychologically play the most role in how someone engages with the innovative process.",
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                        "text": "The distraction, particularly of technology, impedes the innovative process. And when you add to that the distraction of working with colleagues who are in different time zones and/or who have a different approach to urgency and distraction, the potential for losing focus is abundant.",
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                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "“Here are several strategies for enhancing communication when addressing an audience of second-language English speakers: Slow down. Slow down. Slow down. Use clear, slow speech. Enunciate carefully. Avoid colloquial expressions. Repeat important points using different words to explain the same thing. Avoid long, compound sentences. Use visual representations (pictures, tables, graphs,”",
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                        "text": "I do think stories are one of the best tools for communicating across any number of cultures. But I also think there are wildly successful leaders who are introverted, disciplined, lead via spreadsheets and goals, and might not \"appear\" to be a great leader...but in retrospect, made a massive impact.",
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                        "text": "“International leaders in business, government, and nonprofit organizations whisper behind closed doors about the way visiting Americans live in their own bubbles without having much genuine interaction with their overseas counterparts, much less the locals. One senior foreign policy advisor told Fareed Zakaria of Newsweek, “When we meet with American officials, they talk and we listen—we rarely disagree or speak frankly because they simply can't take it in.”13 Kishore Mahbubani, Singapore's former foreign secretary and ambassador to the United Nations, put it this way: “There are two sets of conversations, one with Americans in the room and one without.”14”",
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                        "text": "“Cross-cultural experience by itself does not ensure cultural intelligence, but when wed with the other capabilities of cultural intelligence, it plays a significant role. In particular, individuals with multiple experiences in a variety of places experience more of the benefits of cross-cultural interactions and travel than those who have been in only one or two places, even if for a long time. At the same time, the more countries where you've lived for more than a year, the more positive connection there is between your cross-cultural experience and cultural intelligence.17”",
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                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "“Leaders have to learn the level of comfort individuals and cultures have with direct versus indirect orders and requests and adjust accordingly. There's further variance in how this communication practice relates to a culture's value of power distance. The same culture that values indirect communication may also be a place where senior leaders give explicit and direct commands to subordinates if there's a high level of power distance. But a subordinate would be expected to use extremely indirect communication to make a request of a superior. Peers are expected to use indirect communication with one another lest it seem one is taking on an authoritative role over the other. You need to learn where you're perceived in the hierarchical structure to gage the appropriate level of directness to employ. Suzanne,”",
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                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "“Most national cultures across Europe and North America are categorized as low-context cultures. Many of our connections with particular people and places are of a shorter duration; therefore less is assumed. Instructions about where to park, how to flush the toilet, and where to order your food are often displayed. Low-context cultures can be easier to enter than high-context cultures, because even if you're an outsider, much of the information needed to participate is explicit. Extra attention is given to providing information about how to act. Note the summary in Table 5-3. Individualism”",
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                            "caption": "“Most national cultures across Europe and North America are categorized as low-context cultures. Many of our…” — David Livermore",
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                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "“A low-context culture is a place where little is left to assumption so things are spelled out explicitly. In contrast, high-context cultures are places where people have significant history together and so a great deal of understanding can be assumed. Things operate in high-context cultures as if everyone there is an insider and knows how to behave. Written instructions and explicit directions are minimal because most people know what to do and how to think. Our families are probably the most tangible examples we have of high-context environments. After years of being together, we know what the unspoken rules are of what to eat, how to celebrate holidays, and how to communicate with each other. Many of our workplaces are the same. We know when to submit check requests, how to publicize an event, and how to dress on “casual” Fridays. New employees joining these kinds of organizations can really feel lost without adequate orientation. And many religious services are also very high context. People routinely stand, bow, or recite creeds that appear very foreign and confusing to someone just joining a religious community for the first time. Discerning whether a culture provides direct and explicit communication versus one that assumes a high degree of shared understanding is a strategic point of knowledge. And leaders need to bear in mind the areas of their own organizational and national culture that are high context and how that affects outsiders when they enter. Table”",
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                        "text": "“Finally, every society develops a system of aesthetic standards that get manifested in everything from decorative art, music, and dance to the architecture and planning of buildings and communities. There are many different ways we could examine artistic systems. One way of thinking about it is to observe the degree to which a society's aesthetics reflect clear lines and solid boundaries versus fluid ones. Many Western cultures favor clean, tight boundaries whereas many Eastern cultures prefer more fluid, indiscriminate lines. In most Western homes, kitchen drawers are organized so that forks are with forks and knives are with knives. The walls of a room are usually uniform in color, and when a creative shift in color does occur, it usually happens at a corner or along a straight line midway down the wall. Pictures are framed with straight edges, molding covers up seams in the wall, and lawns are edged to form a clear line between the sidewalk and the lawn. Why? Because we view life in terms of classifications, categories, and taxonomies. And cleanliness itself is largely defined by the degree of order that exists. It has little to do with sanitation and far more to do with whether things appear to be in their proper place. Maintaining boundaries is essential in the Western world; otherwise categories begin to disintegrate and chaos sets in.13 Most Americans want dandelion-free lawns and roads with clear lanes prescribing where to drive and where not to drive. Men wear ties to cover the adjoining fabric on the shirts that they put on before going to the symphony, where they listen to classical music based on a scale with seven notes and five half steps. Each note has a fixed pitch, defined in terms of the lengths of the sound waves it produces.14 A good performance occurs when the musicians hit the notes precisely. In contrast, many Eastern cultures have little concern in everyday life for sharp boundaries and uniform categories. Different colors of paint may be used at various places on the same wall. And the paint may well “spill” over onto the window glass and ceiling. Meals are a fascinating array of ingredients where food is best enjoyed when mixed together on your plate. Roads and driving patterns are flexible. The lanes ebb and flow as needed depending on the volume of traffic. In a place like Cambodia or Nigeria, the road space is available for whichever direction a vehicle needs it most, whatever the time of day. And people often meander along the road in their vehicles the same way they walk along a path. There are many other ways aesthetics between one place and another could be contrasted. But the important point is some basic understanding of how cultures differ within the realm of aesthetics. Soak in the local art of a place and chalk it up to informing your strategy for international business.”",
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                        "text": "“As we gain an understanding of what's going on internally, we need to apply that same kind of awareness and understanding to others and to the environment around us. I've done ongoing research on the experiences of North Americans who volunteer overseas for one or two weeks. Most of these volunteers travel to developing countries where they help with disaster relief, build medical clinics, teach English, or engage in religious mission work. Of all the comments made by these North American travelers, the most common statement made upon their return is something like, “Even though those people have so little, they're so happy!” There's something endearing about hearing a group of relatively wealthy North Americans talk about their amazement that people with so little could be so happy. My question is, are the people they observed really happy? I've asked several hundred of these volunteers, “What makes you think they're happy?” They most often respond, “Because they were always smiling and laughing. And they were so generous to us. They fed us better than they eat themselves.” Part of becoming more aware of others requires we slow down to ask what familiar behaviors might mean in a different culture. The observation made by these American travelers is usually accurate—the locals they're meeting are in fact smiling and generous. But the question is whether the North Americans are accurately interpreting what those behaviors mean. First, if you don't speak the language and you're just meeting someone for the first time, what do you do? After some feeble attempts at saying things like “Hola!” “Gross Got!” or “Nee how!” there's often some nervous laughter that ensues. It's really awkward. So the locals might be expressing happiness or their smiles might just be a nervous response. Then add that in places like Thailand, where there are twenty-three different smiles, each smile communicates something different. And in one small, extremely polite community in New Zealand, smiling reactions are a way of expressing that they feel deeply offended.4 As I've consistently said, the point isn't to learn every nuanced meaning. But with heightened awareness of others, an individual will realize that while smiles might reflect genuine happiness, they just as well might be a nervous cross-cultural response that indicates little about one's level of contentment.”",
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