---
title: "37 Carol Tavris Quotes - Famous Psychologist (Invitation to psychology)"
description: "Carol Anne Tavris is an American social psychologist and feminist. Browse 37 Carol Tavris quotes."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b006/author-carol-tavris-21265.jpg"
---

![Portrait of Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b006/author-carol-tavris-21265.jpg)

# Carol Tavris

(1944)   Psychologist

 **37** quotes in **267** categories

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Carol Tavris is a psychologist, best known for *Invitation to psychology*.

## Quick Facts About Carol Tavris

Born September 17, 1944

Profession Psychologist

Notable works Invitation to psychology

## About Carol Tavris

Carol Anne Tavris is an American social psychologist and feminist. She has devoted her career to writing and lecturing about the contributions of psychological science to the beliefs and practices that guide people's lives, and to criticizing "psychobabble," "biobunk," and pseudoscience. Her many writings have dealt with critical thinking, cognitive dissonance, anger, gender, and other topics in psychology.

##  Quotes by Carol Tavris

> [“God is in the truth.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/god-is-in-the-truth/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[God](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/god/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/41e/carol-tavris-17519_god_god-is-in-the-truth-2692360_2692360.png)

> [The second-sweetest set of three words in English is 'I don't know.'](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/the-second-sweetest-set-of-three-words-in-english-is-i-don-t-know/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Knows](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/knows/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/35d/carol-tavris-17519_knows_the-second-sweetest-set-of-three-words-i_903648.png)

> [The history of the women's movement in America follows a consciousness-amnesia cycle.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/the-history-of-the-women-s-movement-in-america-follows-a/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[America](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/america/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c6d/carol-tavris-17519_america_the-history-of-the-women-s-movement-in-a_1785654.png)

> [A fan without a team is like a hog without truffles - she has nothing to root for.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/a-fan-without-a-team-is-like-a-hog-without-truffles-she-has-nothing/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Baseball](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/baseball/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a08/carol-tavris-17519_baseball_a-fan-without-a-team-is-like-a-hog-witho_915085.png)

> [Doubt is not the enemy of justice; overconfidence is.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/doubt-is-not-the-enemy-of-justice-overconfidence-is/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Confidence](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/confidence/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/84f/carol-tavris-17519_confidence_doubt-is-not-the-enemy-of-justice-overco_704830.png)

> [History is written by the victors, but it's victims who write the memoirs.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/history-is-written-by-the-victors-but-it-s-victims-who-write-the/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[History](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/history/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6cd/carol-tavris-17519_history_history-is-written-by-the-victors-but-it_1369869.png)

> [“It's the people who almost decide to live in glass houses who throw the first stones.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/it-s-the-people-who-almost-decide-to-live-in-glass-houses-who-throw/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Glass houses](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/glass-houses/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/35f/carol-tavris-17519_glass-houses_it-s-the-people-who-almost-decide-to-liv_2387377.png)

> [ \[Sexual\] fantasies, like children, are most interesting to the people who have them. ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/sexual-fantasies-like-children-are-most-interesting-to-the-people-who/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Children](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/children/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/62a/carol-tavris-17519_children_sexual-fantasies-like-children-are-most_2305747.png)

> [Severe initiations increase a member's liking for the group.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/severe-initiations-increase-a-member-s-liking-for-the-group/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Groups](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/groups/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d4a/carol-tavris-17519_groups_severe-initiations-increase-a-member-s-l_1355452.png)

> [As in all moral panics, an accusation is enough to destroy a person's life. Hysteria trumps evidence.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/as-in-all-moral-panics-an-accusation-is-enough-to-destroy-a-person-s/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Accusation](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/accusation/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/3f9/carol-tavris-17519_accusation_as-in-all-moral-panics-an-accusation-is_2979709.png)

> [“The greatest of faults, I should say, is to be conscious of none. —historian and essayist Thomas Carlyle”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/the-greatest-of-faults-i-should-say-is-to-be-conscious-of-none/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Carlyle](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/carlyle/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b44/carol-tavris-17519_carlyle_the-greatest-of-faults-i-should-say-is-t_628440.png)

> [Even irrefutable evidence is rarely enough to pierce the mental armor of self-justification.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/even-irrefutable-evidence-is-rarely-enough-to-pierce-the-mental-armor/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Armor](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/armor/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a75/carol-tavris-17519_armor_even-irrefutable-evidence-is-rarely-enou_1626583.png)

> [Many books in popular psychology are a melange of the author's comments, a dollop of research, and stupefyingly dull transcriptions from interviews.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/many-books-in-popular-psychology-are-a-melange-of-the-author-s/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/71c/carol-tavris-17519_book_many-books-in-popular-psychology-are-a-m_2140617.png)

> [“What, then, was the new strategy he proposed? More troops and more money. For him, any other option was unthinkable. It would…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/what-then-was-the-new-strategy-he-proposed-more-troops-and-more-money/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Failure](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/failure/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5c9/carol-tavris-17519_failure_what-then-was-the-new-strategy-he-propos_597476.png)

> [In the horrifying calculus of self-deception, the greater the pain we inflict on others, the greater the need to justify it to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/in-the-horrifying-calculus-of-self-deception-the-greater-the-pain-we/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Calculus](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/calculus/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d66/carol-tavris-17519_calculus_in-the-horrifying-calculus-of-self-decep_1237213.png)

> [Rebels and dissidents challenge the complacent belief in a just world, and they are usually denigrated for their efforts.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/rebels-and-dissidents-challenge-the-complacent-belief-in-a-just-world/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Belief](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/belief/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/312/carol-tavris-17519_belief_rebels-and-dissidents-challenge-the-comp_1665697.png)

> [For some of the large indignities of life, the best remedy is direct action. For the small indignities, the best remedy is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/for-some-of-the-large-indignities-of-life-the-best-remedy-is-direct/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Action](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/action/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/3c7/carol-tavris-17519_action_for-some-of-the-large-indignities-of-lif_955952.jpg)

> [When it comes to food, there are two large categories of eaters, those who do not worry about what they eat but…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/when-it-comes-to-food-there-are-two-large-categories-of-eaters-those/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Categories](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/categories/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e84/carol-tavris-17519_categories_when-it-comes-to-food-there-are-two-larg_2807593.png)

> [“We need a few trusted naysayers in our lives, critics who are willing to puncture our protective bubble of self-justifications and yank…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/we-need-a-few-trusted-naysayers-in-our-lives-critics-who-are-willing/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Critics](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/critics/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c24/carol-tavris-17519_critics_we-need-a-few-trusted-naysayers-in-our-l_3059446.png)

> [During McCarthyism, teachers feared for their jobs if they belonged to a left-wing group. Today teachers fear for their jobs if they…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/during-mccarthyism-teachers-feared-for-their-jobs-if-they-belonged-to/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Accusation](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/accusation/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a34/carol-tavris-17519_accusation_during-mccarthyism-teachers-feared-for-t_337131.jpg)

> [The individualism of American life, to our glory and despair, creates anger and encourages its release; for when everything is possible, limitations…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/the-individualism-of-american-life-to-our-glory-and-despair-creates/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[American life](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/american-life/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c0c/carol-tavris-17519_american-life_the-individualism-of-american-life-to-ou_639705.jpg)

> [No one seems to have learned, or can remember, the magic words that calm people when they are frightened or threatened: "I'm…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/no-one-seems-to-have-learned-or-can-remember-the-magic-words-that/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Calm](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/calm/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/885/carol-tavris-17519_calm_no-one-seems-to-have-learned-or-can-reme_23137.jpg)

> [“Consider the famous syllogism “All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore Socrates is mortal.” So far, so good. But just…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/consider-the-famous-syllogism-all-men-are-mortal-socrates-is-a-man/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Death](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/death/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/461/carol-tavris-17519_death_consider-the-famous-syllogism-all-men-ar_355579.png)

> [Depression is not 'anger turned inward'; if anything, anger is depression turned outward. Follow the trail of anger inward, and there you…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/depression-is-not-anger-turned-inward-if-anything-anger-is-depression/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Anger](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/anger/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ea7/carol-tavris-17519_anger_depression-is-not-anger-turned-inward-if_1168322.png)

> [Rebels and dissidents challenge the complacent belief in a just world, and, as the theory would predict, they are usually denigrated for…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/rebels-and-dissidents-challenge-the-complacent-belief-in-a-just-world-2/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Activism](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/activism/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/149/carol-tavris-17519_activism_rebels-and-dissidents-challenge-the-comp_2035675.jpg)

> [The difference between the Japanese and the American is summed up in their opposite reactions to the proverb (popular in both nations),…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/the-difference-between-the-japanese-and-the-american-is-summed-up-in/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Acquire](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/acquire/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6b4/carol-tavris-17519_acquire_the-difference-between-the-japanese-and_2295841.jpg)

> [The scientific method is designed to help investigators overcome the most entrenched human cognitive habit: the confirmation bias, the tendency to notice…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/the-scientific-method-is-designed-to-help-investigators-overcome-the/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Belief](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/belief/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/311/carol-tavris-17519_belief_the-scientific-method-is-designed-to-hel_449819.jpg)

> [“Most people, when directly confronted by evidence that they are wrong, do not change their point of view or course of action…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/most-people-when-directly-confronted-by-evidence-that-they-are-wrong/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Discredited](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/discredited/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/073/carol-tavris-17519_discredited_most-people-when-directly-confronted-by_849313.png)

> [“This habit starts awfully early. Social psychologist Marilynn Brewer, who has been studying the nature of stereotypes for many years, once reported…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/this-habit-starts-awfully-early-social-psychologist-marilynn-brewer/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Children](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/children/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d55/carol-tavris-17519_children_this-habit-starts-awfully-early-social-p_1537289.jpg)

> [When anger is not trampling roughshod through our nervous system, it is sitting sullenly in some unspecified internal organ. "She's got a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/when-anger-is-not-trampling-roughshod-through-our-nervous-system-it/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Anger](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/anger/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/702/carol-tavris-17519_anger_when-anger-is-not-trampling-roughshod-th_154583.png)

> [“certain categories of us are more crucial to our identities than the kind of car we drive or the number of dots…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/certain-categories-of-us-are-more-crucial-to-our-identities-than-the/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Ethnocentrism](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/ethnocentrism/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f0e/carol-tavris-17519_ethnocentrism_certain-categories-of-us-are-more-crucia_2871492.jpg)

> [“Prejudices emerge from the disposition of the human mind to perceive and process information in categories. “Categories” is a nicer, more neutral…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/prejudices-emerge-from-the-disposition-of-the-human-mind-to-perceive/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Human mind](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/human-mind/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7c8/carol-tavris-17519_human-mind_prejudices-emerge-from-the-disposition-o_1361576.png)

> [Baseball lasts as long as it takes. Like life, like love, baseball exists in real time.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/baseball-lasts-as-long-as-it-takes-like-life-like-love-baseball/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Baseball](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/baseball/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2fb/carol-tavris-17519_baseball_baseball-lasts-as-long-as-it-takes-like_2059823.png)

> [In sports as in child rearing, marital arguments, or tantrums, the same laws of learning apply; when an emotion is encouraged and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/in-sports-as-in-child-rearing-marital-arguments-or-tantrums-the-same/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Argument](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/argument/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/dbe/carol-tavris-17519_argument_in-sports-as-in-child-rearing-marital-ar_1231101.png)

> [Most people, when directly confronted by evidence that they are wrong, do not change their point of view or course of action…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/most-people-when-directly-confronted-by-evidence-that-they-are-wrong-2/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Action](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/action/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bc3/carol-tavris-17519_action_most-people-when-directly-confronted-by_3098881.jpg)

> [“I would be with a bunch of Kennedy fans watching the debate and their comment would be, “He’s really slaughtering Nixon.” Then…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/i-would-be-with-a-bunch-of-kennedy-fans-watching-the-debate-and-their-2/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Big guy](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/big-guy/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d4a/carol-tavris-17519_big-guy_i-would-be-with-a-bunch-of-kennedy-fans_1884427.png)

> [Of course, if you photograph the behavior of women and men at a particular time in history, in a particular situation, you…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/carol-tavris/of-course-if-you-photograph-the-behavior-of-women-and-men-at-a/)

[Carol Tavris](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/carol-tavris/)

[Behavior](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/behavior/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fe0/carol-tavris-17519_behavior_of-course-if-you-photograph-the-behavior_1166689.png)

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                        "text": "“We need a few trusted naysayers in our lives, critics who are willing to puncture our protective bubble of self-justifications and yank us back to reality if we veer too far off. This is especially important for people in positions of power.”",
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                        "text": "During McCarthyism, teachers feared for their jobs if they belonged to a left-wing group. Today teachers fear for their jobs if they hug a crying child. As in all moral panics, an accusation is enough to destroy a person's life. Hysteria trumps evidence.",
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                        "text": "The individualism of American life, to our glory and despair, creates anger and encourages its release; for when everything is possible, limitations are irksome. When the desires of the self come first, the needs of others are annoying. When we think we deserve it all, reaping only a portion can enrage.",
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                        "text": "No one seems to have learned, or can remember, the magic words that calm people when they are frightened or threatened: \"I'm sorry; I didn't see you; are you all right?\" The inability to speak these words, I observe, goes right along with a propensity for mindless insults.",
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                        "text": "“Consider the famous syllogism “All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore Socrates is mortal.” So far, so good. But just because all men are mortal, it does not follow that all mortals are men, and it certainly does not follow that all men are Socrates.”",
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                        "text": "Depression is not 'anger turned inward'; if anything, anger is depression turned outward. Follow the trail of anger inward, and there you will find the small, still voice of pain.",
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                        "text": "Rebels and dissidents challenge the complacent belief in a just world, and, as the theory would predict, they are usually denigrated for their efforts. While they are alive, they may be called 'cantankerous,' 'crazy,' 'hysterical,' 'uppity,' or 'duped.' Dead, some of them become saints and heroes, the sterling characters of history. It's a matter of proportion. One angry rebel is crazy, three is a conspiracy, 50 is a movement.",
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                        "text": "The difference between the Japanese and the American is summed up in their opposite reactions to the proverb (popular in both nations), \"A rolling stone gathers no moss.\" Epidemiologist S. Leonard Syme observes that to the Japanese, moss is exquisite and valued; a stone is enhanced by moss; hence a person who keeps moving and changing never acquires the beauty and benefits of stability. To Americans, the proverb is an admonition to keep rolling, to keep from being covered with clinging attachments.",
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                        "text": "The scientific method is designed to help investigators overcome the most entrenched human cognitive habit: the confirmation bias, the tendency to notice and remember evidence that confirms our beliefs or decisions, and to ignore, dismiss, or forget evidence that is discrepant. That's why we are all inclined to stick to a hypothesis we believe in. Science is one way of forcing us, kicking and screaming if necessary, to modify our views.",
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                        "text": "“Most people, when directly confronted by evidence that they are wrong, do not change their point of view or course of action but justify it even more tenaciously. Even irrefutable evidence is rarely enough to pierce the mental armor of self-justification. When we began working on this book, the poster boy for \"tenacious clinging to a discredited belief\" was George W. Bush. Bush was wrong in his claim that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, he was wrong in claiming that Saddam was linked with Al Qaeda, he was wrong in predicting that Iraqis would be dancing joyfully in the streets to receive the American soldiers, he was wrong in predicting that the conflict would be over quickly, he was wrong in his gross underestimate of the financial cost of the war, and he was most famously wrong in his photo-op speech six weeks after the invasion began, when he announced (under a banner reading MISSION ACCOMPLISHED) that \"major combat operations in Iraq have ended.”",
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                        "text": "“This habit starts awfully early. Social psychologist Marilynn Brewer, who has been studying the nature of stereotypes for many years, once reported that her daughter returned from kindergarten complaining that “boys are crybabies.”25 The child’s evidence was that she had seen two boys crying on their first day away from home. Brewer, ever the scientist, asked whether there hadn’t also been little girls who cried. “Oh yes,” said her daughter. “But only some girls cry. I didn’t cry.” Brewer’s little girl was already dividing the world, as everyone does, into us and them. Us is the most fundamental social category in the brain’s organizing system, and it’s hardwired.”",
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                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "When anger is not trampling roughshod through our nervous system, it is sitting sullenly in some unspecified internal organ. \"She's got a lot of anger in her,\" people will say (it nestles, presumably, somewhere in the gut), or, \"He's a deeply angry man\" (as opposed, presumably, to a superficially angry one). If anger isn't released, it \"turns inward\" and metamorphoses into another creature altogether.",
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                        "text": "“certain categories of us are more crucial to our identities than the kind of car we drive or the number of dots we can guess on a slide—gender, sexuality, religion, politics, ethnicity, and nationality, for starters. Without feeling attached to groups that give our lives meaning, identity, and purpose, we would suffer the intolerable sensation that we were loose marbles floating in a random universe. Therefore, we will do what it takes to preserve these attachments. Evolutionary psychologists argue that ethnocentrism—the belief that our own culture, nation, or religion is superior to all others—aids survival by strengthening our bonds to our primary social groups and thus increasing our willingness to work, fight, and occasionally die for them. When things are going well, people feel pretty tolerant of other cultures and religions—they even feel pretty tolerant of the other sex!—but when they are angry, anxious, or threatened, the default position is to activate their blind spots.”",
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                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "“Prejudices emerge from the disposition of the human mind to perceive and process information in categories. “Categories” is a nicer, more neutral word than “stereotypes,” but it’s the same thing. Cognitive psychologists consider stereotypes to be energy-saving devices that allow us to make efficient decisions on the basis of past experience; help us quickly process new information and retrieve memories; make sense of real differences between groups; and predict, often with considerable accuracy, how others will behave or how they think.24 We wisely rely on stereotypes and the quick information they give us to avoid danger, approach possible new friends, choose one school or job over another, or decide that that person across this crowded room will be the love of our lives.”",
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                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "Baseball lasts as long as it takes. Like life, like love, baseball exists in real time.",
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                        "text": "“I would be with a bunch of Kennedy fans watching the debate and their comment would be, “He’s really slaughtering Nixon.” Then we would all go to another apartment, and the Nixon fans would say, “How do you like the shellacking he gave Kennedy?” And then I realized that each group loved their candidate so that a guy would have to be this blatant—he would have to look into the camera and say: “I am a thief, a crook, do you hear me, I am the worst choice you could ever make for the Presidency!” And even then his following would say, “Now there’s an honest man for you. It takes a big guy to admit that. There’s the kind of guy we need for President.”10”",
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                        "text": "Of course, if you photograph the behavior of women and men at a particular time in history, in a particular situation, you will capture differences. But the error lies in inferring that a snapshot is a lasting picture. What women and men do at a moment in time tells us nothing about what women and men are in some unvarying sense - or about what they can be.",
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