---
title: "159 Alberto Manguel Quotes - Famous Writer (A history of reading)"
description: "Alberto Manguel quotes about libraries, unread books, and endless possibilities."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b003/author-alberto-manguel-10592.jpg"
---

![Portrait of Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b003/author-alberto-manguel-10592.jpg)

# Alberto Manguel

(1948)   Writer   Argentina

 **159** quotes in **641** categories

A shelf of books we haven’t read sits patiently, waiting for a future reader. Manguel describes libraries as delightfully chaotic places where the order of titles can change like fashion. He also mentions that the endless rows of unwritten and unread books stretch into a universal darkness, offering limitless possibilities.

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Alberto Manguel is a writer from Argentina, best known for *A history of reading*.

## Quick Facts About Alberto Manguel

Born March 13, 1948

Nationality Argentina

Profession Writer

Notable works A history of reading

## About Alberto Manguel

He also works as an anthologist, essayist, novelist and editor. He speaks English, Spanish, German, French fluently and knows Italian and Portuguese well. He left Argentina at twenty in 1968 and has lived in Israel, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, French Polynesia, Canada, the United States and Portugal. Since 2021 he has led an international reading‑studies centre in Lisbon, named Espaço Atlântida in 2023, and he identifies as a Canadian citizen.

## Awards & Honors

Guggenheim Fellowship Prix Formentor Alfonso Reyes International Prize Officer of Arts and Letters Prix Médicis essai Officer of the Order of Canada Honorary doctor of the University of Liège Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature

Show 4 more awards Honorary doctor of the University of Ottawa honorary doctor of the University of Poitiers Q137761811 Q140367925

##  Quotes by Alberto Manguel

> [But a reader's ambition knows no bounds.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/but-a-reader-s-ambition-knows-no-bounds/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Ambition](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/ambition/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/687/alberto-manguel-2467_ambition_but-a-reader-s-ambition-knows-no-bounds_1033770.jpg)

> [I wanted to live among books.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/i-wanted-to-live-among-books/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/cf7/alberto-manguel-2467_book_i-wanted-to-live-among-books-526733_526733.jpg)

> [The starting point is a question.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-starting-point-is-a-question/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Point](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/point/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4c7/alberto-manguel-2467_point_the-starting-point-is-a-question-152475_152475.jpg)

> [Darkness promotes speech.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/darkness-promotes-speech/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Darkness](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/darkness/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1a3/alberto-manguel-2467_darkness_darkness-promotes-speech-1537032_1537032.jpg)

> [Unpacking books is a revelatory activity.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/unpacking-books-is-a-revelatory-activity/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ee6/alberto-manguel-2467_book_unpacking-books-is-a-revelatory-activity_354210.jpg)

> [The telling of stories creates the real world.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-telling-of-stories-creates-the-real-world/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Real](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/real/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c6a/alberto-manguel-2467_real_the-telling-of-stories-creates-the-real_2876165.jpg)

> [Evil requires no reason.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/evil-requires-no-reason/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Evil](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/evil/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/308/alberto-manguel-2467_evil_evil-requires-no-reason-2683895_2683895.jpg)

> [Every text assumes a reader.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/every-text-assumes-a-reader/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Assumes](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/assumes/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/139/alberto-manguel-2467_assumes_every-text-assumes-a-reader-2801134_2801134.jpg)

> [During the day, the library is a realm of order.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/during-the-day-the-library-is-a-realm-of-order/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Library](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/library/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/05a/alberto-manguel-2467_library_during-the-day-the-library-is-a-realm-of_542491.jpg)

> [In a library, no empty shelf remains empty for long.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/in-a-library-no-empty-shelf-remains-empty-for-long/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Empty](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/empty/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/642/alberto-manguel-2467_empty_in-a-library-no-empty-shelf-remains-empt_2307245.jpg)

> [The world encyclopedia, the universal library, exists, and it is the world itself.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-world-encyclopedia-the-universal-library-exists-and-it-is-the/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Encyclopedia](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/encyclopedia/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d94/alberto-manguel-2467_encyclopedia_the-world-encyclopedia-the-universal-lib_848946.jpg)

> [Every library is a library of preferences, and every chosen category implies an exclusion.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/every-library-is-a-library-of-preferences-and-every-chosen-category/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Categories](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/categories/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f60/alberto-manguel-2467_categories_every-library-is-a-library-of-preference_3005565.jpg)

> [“Books are our best possessions in life, they are our immortality.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/books-are-our-best-possessions-in-life-they-are-our-immortality/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/83a/alberto-manguel-2467_book_books-are-our-best-possessions-in-life-t_2632014.jpg)

> [“Books have long been instruments of the divinatory arts. ”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/books-have-long-been-instruments-of-the-divinatory-arts/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Art](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/art/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ac6/alberto-manguel-2467_art_books-have-long-been-instruments-of-the_340622.jpg)

> [“Ljubav je imbecilna izvesnost pomoću koje naša fantazija stvara verodostojnu utvaru.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/ljubav-je-imbecilna-izvesnost-pomo-u-koje-na-a-fantazija-stvara/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Love](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/love/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/17e/alberto-manguel-2467_love_ljubav-je-imbecilna-izvesnost-pomo-u-koj_188507.jpg)

> [The love of libraries, like most loves, must be learned.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-love-of-libraries-like-most-loves-must-be-learned/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/97b/alberto-manguel-2467_book_the-love-of-libraries-like-most-loves-mu_1620860.jpg)

> [“We can live in a society founded on the book and yet not read, or we can live in a society where…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/we-can-live-in-a-society-founded-on-the-book-and-yet-not-read-or-we/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/925/alberto-manguel-2467_book_we-can-live-in-a-society-founded-on-the_2290753.jpg)

> [I always knew that I wanted to live with books, even as a child, because we traveled a lot. Home was the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/i-always-knew-that-i-wanted-to-live-with-books-even-as-a-child/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b7f/alberto-manguel-2467_book_i-always-knew-that-i-wanted-to-live-with_2392077.jpg)

> [I quickly learned that reading is cumulative and proceeds by geometrical progression: each new reading builds upon whatever the reader has read…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/i-quickly-learned-that-reading-is-cumulative-and-proceeds-by/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fbd/alberto-manguel-2467_books_i-quickly-learned-that-reading-is-cumula_1634831.jpg)

> [In my fool hardy youth, when my friends were dreaming of heroic deeds in the realms of engineering and law, finance and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/in-my-fool-hardy-youth-when-my-friends-were-dreaming-of-heroic-deeds/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Becoming](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/becoming/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5bc/alberto-manguel-2467_becoming_in-my-fool-hardy-youth-when-my-friends-w_2094703.jpg)

> [“Only when, years later, I touched for the first time my lover's body did I realize that literature could sometimes fall short…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/only-when-years-later-i-touched-for-the-first-time-my-lover-s-body/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b6a/alberto-manguel-2467_books_only-when-years-later-i-touched-for-the_1551882.jpg)

> [I know that something dies when i give up my books, and that my memory keeps going back to them with mournful…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/i-know-that-something-dies-when-i-give-up-my-books-and-that-my-memory/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c75/alberto-manguel-2467_book_i-know-that-something-dies-when-i-give-u_205987.jpg)

> [In our day, computer technology and the proliferation of books on CD-ROM have not affected - as far as statistics show -…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/in-our-day-computer-technology-and-the-proliferation-of-books-on-cd/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Affected](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/affected/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/89a/alberto-manguel-2467_affected_in-our-day-computer-technology-and-the-p_329135.jpg)

> [If every library is in some sense a reflection of its readers, it is also an image of that which we are…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/if-every-library-is-in-some-sense-a-reflection-of-its-readers-it-is/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8ea/alberto-manguel-2467_books_if-every-library-is-in-some-sense-a-refl_957436.jpg)

> [The American psychologist Julian Jaynes, in a controversial study on the origin of consciousness, argued that the bicameral mind - in which…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-american-psychologist-julian-jaynes-in-a-controversial-study-on/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Consciousness](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/consciousness/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ec8/alberto-manguel-2467_consciousness_the-american-psychologist-julian-jaynes_2724279.jpg)

> [“The web will not be the container of our cosmopolitan past, like a book, because it is not a book and will…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-web-will-not-be-the-container-of-our-cosmopolitan-past-like-a/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8a1/alberto-manguel-2467_books_the-web-will-not-be-the-container-of-our_1969494.jpg)

> [To say that an author is a reader or a reader an author, to see a book as a human being or…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/to-say-that-an-author-is-a-reader-or-a-reader-an-author-to-see-a-book/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/638/alberto-manguel-2467_book_to-say-that-an-author-is-a-reader-or-a-r_1138323.jpg)

> [It is in the translation that the innocence lost after the first reading is restored under another guise, since the reader is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/it-is-in-the-translation-that-the-innocence-lost-after-the-first/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/24a/alberto-manguel-2467_books_it-is-in-the-translation-that-the-innoce_1136554.jpg)

> [Slothful, feeble, pretentious, pedantic, elitist - these are some of the epithets that eventually become associated with the absent minded scholar, the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/slothful-feeble-pretentious-pedantic-elitist-these-are-some-of-the/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Absent](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/absent/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/79b/alberto-manguel-2467_absent_slothful-feeble-pretentious-pedantic-eli_994509.jpg)

> [At different times and in different places I have come to expect certain books to look a certain way, and, as in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/at-different-times-and-in-different-places-i-have-come-to-expect/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/313/alberto-manguel-2467_book_at-different-times-and-in-different-plac_45237.jpg)

> [ “Alexandria and its scholars \[…\] never mistook the true nature of the past; they knew it to be the source of an… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/alexandria-and-its-scholars-never-mistook-the-true-nature-of-the-past/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9ce/alberto-manguel-2467_books_alexandria-and-its-scholars-never-mistoo_2098862.jpg)

> [Something about the possession of a book - an object that can contain infinite fables, words of wisdom, chronicles of times gone…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/something-about-the-possession-of-a-book-an-object-that-can-contain/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Anecdotes](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/anecdotes/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9e7/alberto-manguel-2467_anecdotes_something-about-the-possession-of-a-book_209828.jpg)

> [“However readers make a book theirs, the end is that book and reader become one. The world that is a book is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/however-readers-make-a-book-theirs-the-end-is-that-book-and-reader/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d08/alberto-manguel-2467_book_however-readers-make-a-book-theirs-the-e_2028472.jpg)

> [“There is an unbridgeable chasm between the book that traditions had declared a classic and the book (the same book) that we…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/there-is-an-unbridgeable-chasm-between-the-book-that-traditions-had/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Book](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9c0/alberto-manguel-2467_book_there-is-an-unbridgeable-chasm-between-t_876903.jpg)

> [We can roam the bloated stacks of the Library of Alexandria, where all imagination and knowledge are assembled; we can recognize in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/we-can-roam-the-bloated-stacks-of-the-library-of-alexandria-where-all/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Alchemy](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/alchemy/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/84b/alberto-manguel-2467_alchemy_we-can-roam-the-bloated-stacks-of-the-li_3115331.jpg)

> [“The existence of any library, even mine, allows readers a sense of what their craft is truly about, a craft that struggles…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-existence-of-any-library-even-mine-allows-readers-a-sense-of-what/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/dae/alberto-manguel-2467_books_the-existence-of-any-library-even-mine-a_2972054.jpg)

> [“The categories that a reader brings to a reading, and the categories in which that reading itself is placed - the learned…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-categories-that-a-reader-brings-to-a-reading-and-the-categories/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e4f/alberto-manguel-2467_books_the-categories-that-a-reader-brings-to-a_3216575.jpg)

> [“The existence of any library, even mine, allows readers a sense of what their craft is truly about, a craft that struggles…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/the-existence-of-any-library-even-mine-allows-readers-a-sense-of-what-2/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bdd/alberto-manguel-2467_books_the-existence-of-any-library-even-mine-a_3007581.jpg)

> [“I don’t think that the definition of library has changed. Libraries have never been repositories solely of books. In Alexandria for instance,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/i-don-t-think-that-the-definition-of-library-has-changed-libraries/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/aa8/alberto-manguel-2467_books_i-don-t-think-that-the-definition-of-lib_2867277.jpg)

> [“There is nothing,” Naudé wrote, “that renders a Library more recommendable, than when every man finds in it that which he is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/alberto-manguel/there-is-nothing-naud-wrote-that-renders-a-library-more-recommendable/)

[Alberto Manguel](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/alberto-manguel/)

[Books](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/610/alberto-manguel-2467_books_there-is-nothing-naud-wrote-that-renders_323069.jpg)

## Alberto Manguel by topic

[Books (99)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/books/alberto-manguel/) [Writer (87)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/writer/alberto-manguel/) [Book (59)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/book/alberto-manguel/) [Reader (34)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/reader/alberto-manguel/) [Library (34)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/library/alberto-manguel/) [Reading (33)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/reading/alberto-manguel/) [Time (18)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/time/alberto-manguel/) [Life (12)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/life/alberto-manguel/) [World (11)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/world/alberto-manguel/) [Pages (11)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/pages/alberto-manguel/) [Writing (10)](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/writing/alberto-manguel/)

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                        "text": "The American psychologist Julian Jaynes, in a controversial study on the origin of consciousness, argued that the bicameral mind - in which one of the hemispheres becomes specialized in silent reading - is a late development in humankind's evolution, and that the process by which this function develops is still changing.",
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                        "text": "“The web will not be the container of our cosmopolitan past, like a book, because it is not a book and will never be a book, in spite of the endless gadgets and guises invented to force it into that role.”",
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                        "text": "To say that an author is a reader or a reader an author, to see a book as a human being or a human being a book, to describe the world as text or a text as the world, are ways of naming the readers craft.",
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                        "text": "It is in the translation that the innocence lost after the first reading is restored under another guise, since the reader is once again faced with a new text and its attendant mystery. That is the inescapable paradox of translation, and also its wealth.",
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                        "text": "Slothful, feeble, pretentious, pedantic, elitist - these are some of the epithets that eventually become associated with the absent minded scholar, the poor sighted reader, the book worm, the nerd.",
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                        "text": "At different times and in different places I have come to expect certain books to look a certain way, and, as in all fashions, these changing features fix a precise quality onto a book's definition. I judge a book by its cover; I judge a book by its shape.",
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                        "text": "“Alexandria and its scholars […] never mistook the true nature of the past; they knew it to be the source of an ever-shifting present in which new readers engaged with old books which became new in the reading process. Every reader exists to ensure for a certain book a modest immortality. Reading is, in this sense, a ritual of rebirth.”",
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                        "text": "Something about the possession of a book - an object that can contain infinite fables, words of wisdom, chronicles of times gone by, humorous anecdotes and divine revelation - endows the reader with the power of creating a story, and the listener with a sense of being present at the moment of creation.",
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                        "text": "“However readers make a book theirs, the end is that book and reader become one. The world that is a book is devoured by a reader who is a letter in the world's text; thus a circular metaphor is created for the endlessness of reading. We are what we read. The process by which the circle is completed is not, Whitman argued, merely an intellectual one; we read intellectually on a superficial level, grasping certain meanings and conscious of certain facts, but at the same time, invisibly, unconsciously, text and reader become intertwined, creating new levels of meaning, so that every time we cause the text to yield something by ingesting it, simultaneously something else is born beneath it that we haven't yet grasped. That is why - as Whitman believed, rewriting and re-editing his poems over and over again - no reading can ever be definitive.”",
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                        "text": "“There is an unbridgeable chasm between the book that traditions had declared a classic and the book (the same book) that we have made ours through instinct, emotion and understanding: suffered through it, rejoiced in it, translated it into our experience and (notwithstanding the layers of readings with which a book come into our hands) essentially become its first discoverers, an experience as astonishing and unexpected.”",
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                        "text": "We can roam the bloated stacks of the Library of Alexandria, where all imagination and knowledge are assembled; we can recognize in its destruction the warning that all we gather will be lost, but also that much of it can be collected again; we can learn from its splendid ambition that what was one man's experience can become, through the alchemy of words, the experience of all, and how that experience, distilled once again into words, can serve each singular reader for some secret, singular purpose.",
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                        "text": "“The existence of any library, even mine, allows readers a sense of what their craft is truly about, a craft that struggles against the stringencies of time by bringing fragments of the past into their present. It grants them a glimpse, however secret or distant, into the minds of other human beings, and allows them a certain knowledge of their own condition through the stories stored here for their perusal. Above all, it tells readers that their craft consist of the power to remember, actively, through the prompt of the page, selected moments of the human experience. This was the great practice established by the Library of Alexandria.”",
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                        "text": "“The categories that a reader brings to a reading, and the categories in which that reading itself is placed - the learned social and political categories, and the physical categories into which a library is divided - constantly modify one another in ways that appear, over the years, more or less arbitrary or more or less imaginative. Every library is a library of preferences, and every chosen category implies an exclusion.”",
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                        "text": "“I don’t think that the definition of library has changed. Libraries have never been repositories solely of books. In Alexandria for instance, the model of the ideal library perhaps, there was a will to collect every book in the world, but at the same time they had maps and objects and there was a sense that this was a world of study and communication. The technology changes, and so electronic media should enter the library as long as we don’t forget that there are also books. I don’t believe in technologies that want to exclude one another. A new technology comes into the world and believes that it can bill itself on the corpse of the previous technology, but that never happens. Photography did not eliminate painting. Film did not eliminate theater and so on. One technology feeds on the vocabulary of the other, and I believe that the electronic technology has taught us to value the reading on the page, and the reading on the page has taught us what we can do on the screen. They are alternatives, but they’re certainly not synonymous.”",
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                        "text": "“There is nothing,” Naudé wrote, “that renders a Library more recommendable, than when every man finds in it that which he is looking for and cannot find anywhere else; therefore the perfect motto is, that there exists no book, however bad or badly reviewed, that may not be sought after in some future time by a certain reader.” These remarks demand from us an impossibility, since every library is, by needs, an incomplete creation, a work-in-progress, and every empty shelf announces the books to come.”",
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