---
title: "106 Photography Quotes By Susan Sontag"
description: "Susan Sontag photography quotes explore ethics, objectification, and the link between images and reality."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c34/susan-sontag-332_constructs_the-painter-constructs-the-photographer_529021.jpg"
---

> [The painter constructs, the photographer discloses.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-painter-constructs-the-photographer-discloses/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c34/susan-sontag-332_constructs_the-painter-constructs-the-photographer_529021.jpg)

> [To photograph is to confer importance.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/to-photograph-is-to-confer-importance/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/621/susan-sontag-332_importance_to-photograph-is-to-confer-importance-13_1318545.jpg)

> [Photographs shock insofar as they show something novel.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/photographs-shock-insofar-as-they-show-something-novel/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/015/susan-sontag-332_novel_photographs-shock-insofar-as-they-show-s_2958860.jpg)

> [Photography is, first of all, a way of seeing.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/photography-is-first-of-all-a-way-of-seeing/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/042/susan-sontag-332_firsts_photography-is-first-of-all-a-way-of-see_2998230.jpg)

> [Photographers are always imposing](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/photographers-are-always-imposing/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/620/susan-sontag-332_funny_photographers-are-always-imposing-175080_1750805.jpg)

> [The highest vocation of photography is to explain man to man.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-highest-vocation-of-photography-is-to-explain-man-to-man/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e19/susan-sontag-332_career_the-highest-vocation-of-photography-is-t_557107.jpg)

> [There is an aggression implicit in every use of the camera.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/there-is-an-aggression-implicit-in-every-use-of-the-camera/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ad6/susan-sontag-332_aggression_there-is-an-aggression-implicit-in-every_453322.jpg)

> [To collect photographs is to collect the world.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/to-collect-photographs-is-to-collect-the-world/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/695/susan-sontag-332_collect_to-collect-photographs-is-to-collect-the_617218.jpg)

> [Life is not significant details, illuminated by a flash, fixed forever. Photographs are.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/life-is-not-significant-details-illuminated-by-a-flash-fixed-forever/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/cfe/susan-sontag-332_details_life-is-not-significant-details-illumina_2433663.jpg)

> [Strictly speaking, it is doubtful that a photograph can help us understand anything.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/strictly-speaking-it-is-doubtful-that-a-photograph-can-help-us/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1a9/susan-sontag-332_doubtful_strictly-speaking-it-is-doubtful-that-a_1019084.jpg)

> [Mallarme said that everything in the world exists in order to end in a book. Today everything exists to end in a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/mallarme-said-that-everything-in-the-world-exists-in-order-to-end-in/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b14/susan-sontag-332_book_mallarme-said-that-everything-in-the-wor_757898.jpg)

> [The particular qualities and intentions of photographs tend to be swallowed up in the generalized pathos of time past.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-particular-qualities-and-intentions-of-photographs-tend-to-be/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ce4/susan-sontag-332_intention_the-particular-qualities-and-intentions_1583876.jpg)

> [A family's photograph album is generally about the extended family and, often, is all that remains of it.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/a-family-s-photograph-album-is-generally-about-the-extended-family/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/37f/susan-sontag-332_albums_a-family-s-photograph-album-is-generally_978875.jpg)

> [The possession of a camera can inspire something akin to lust. And like all credible forms of lust, it cannot be satisfied.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-possession-of-a-camera-can-inspire-something-akin-to-lust-and/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a08/susan-sontag-332_cameras_the-possession-of-a-camera-can-inspire-s_1105354.jpg)

> [Photography is a kind of overstatement, a heroic copulation with the material world.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/photography-is-a-kind-of-overstatement-a-heroic-copulation-with-the/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c1e/susan-sontag-332_heroic_photography-is-a-kind-of-overstatement-a_2251260.jpg)

> [Photographs trade simultaneously on the prestige of art and the magic of the real.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/photographs-trade-simultaneously-on-the-prestige-of-art-and-the-magic/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6da/susan-sontag-332_art_photographs-trade-simultaneously-on-the_164631.jpg)

> [The photograph is like a quotation, or a maxim or proverb. Each of us mentally stocks hundreds of photographs, subject to instant…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-photograph-is-like-a-quotation-or-a-maxim-or-proverb-each-of-us/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d1e/susan-sontag-332_instant_the-photograph-is-like-a-quotation-or-a_2942096.jpg)

> [The destiny of photography has taken it far beyond the role to which it was originally thought to be limited: to give…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-destiny-of-photography-has-taken-it-far-beyond-the-role-to-which/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a99/susan-sontag-332_accurate_the-destiny-of-photography-has-taken-it_1965531.jpg)

> [ ... one of art photography's most vigorous enterprises--\[is\] concentrating on victims, on the unfortunate--but without the compassionate purpose that such a project… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/one-of-art-photography-s-most-vigorous-enterprises-is-concentrating/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a8a/susan-sontag-332_art_one-of-art-photography-s-most-vigorous-e_1454734.jpg)

> [The camera can be lenient; it is can also expert at being cruel. But its cruelty only produces another kind of beauty,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-camera-can-be-lenient-it-is-can-also-expert-at-being-cruel-but/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/911/susan-sontag-332_beauty_the-camera-can-be-lenient-it-is-can-also_370696.jpg)

> [To take a photograph is to participate in another person's mortality, vulnerability, mutability. Precisely by slicing out this moment and freezing it,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/to-take-a-photograph-is-to-participate-in-another-person-s-mortality/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/974/susan-sontag-332_death_to-take-a-photograph-is-to-participate-i_118816.jpg)

> [Photographs are perhaps the most mysterious of all the objects that make up, and thicken, the environment we recognize as modern. Photographs…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/photographs-are-perhaps-the-most-mysterious-of-all-the-objects-that/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d88/susan-sontag-332_arms_photographs-are-perhaps-the-most-mysteri_759671.jpg)

> [Just as a camera is a sublimation of the gun, to photograph someone is a subliminal murder - a soft murder, appropriate…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/just-as-a-camera-is-a-sublimation-of-the-gun-to-photograph-someone-is/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/37d/susan-sontag-332_appropriate_just-as-a-camera-is-a-sublimation-of-the_1263207.jpg)

> [The photographer's intentions do not determine the meaning of a photograph, which will have its own career, blown by the whims and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-photographer-s-intentions-do-not-determine-the-meaning-of-a/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c36/susan-sontag-332_careers_the-photographer-s-intentions-do-not-det_2335324.jpg)

> [Industrial societies turn their citizens into image-junkies; it is the most irresistible form of mental pollution. Poignant longings for beauty, for an…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/industrial-societies-turn-their-citizens-into-image-junkies-it-is-the/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/05c/susan-sontag-332_beauty_industrial-societies-turn-their-citizens_2454159.jpg)

> [It is a nostalgic time right now, and photographs actively promote nostalgia. Photography is an elegiac art, a twilight art. Most subjects…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/it-is-a-nostalgic-time-right-now-and-photographs-actively-promote/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6e7/susan-sontag-332_art_it-is-a-nostalgic-time-right-now-and-pho_2918661.jpg)

> [Our very sense of situation is now articulated by the camera's interventions. The omnipresence of cameras persuasively suggests that time consists of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/our-very-sense-of-situation-is-now-articulated-by-the-camera-s/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c40/susan-sontag-332_cameras_our-very-sense-of-situation-is-now-artic_2223581.jpg)

> [Cameras began duplicating the world at that moment when the human landscape started to undergo a vertiginous rate of change: while an…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/cameras-began-duplicating-the-world-at-that-moment-when-the-human/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5e7/susan-sontag-332_available_cameras-began-duplicating-the-world-at-t_564491.jpg)

> [While a painting, even one that meets photographic standards of resemblance, is never more than the stating of an interpretation, a photograph…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/while-a-painting-even-one-that-meets-photographic-standards-of-2/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4f6/susan-sontag-332_crosses_while-a-painting-even-one-that-meets-pho_2471115.jpg)

> [“The photographer is now charging real beasts, beleaguered and too rare to kill. Guns have metamorphosed into cameras in this earnest comedy,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-photographer-is-now-charging-real-beasts-beleaguered-and-too-rare/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6a1/susan-sontag-332_animals_the-photographer-is-now-charging-real-be_2907012.jpg)

> [Any photograph has multiple meanings: indeed, to see something in the form of a photograph is to encounter a potential object of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/any-photograph-has-multiple-meanings-indeed-to-see-something-in-the/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e52/susan-sontag-332_deductions_any-photograph-has-multiple-meanings-ind_430155.jpg)

> [Images anesthetize. An event known through photographs certainly becomes more real than it would have been if one had never seen the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/images-anesthetize-an-event-known-through-photographs-certainly/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ba2/susan-sontag-332_concerned_images-anesthetize-an-event-known-throug_2034299.jpg)

> [“But the very question of whether photography is or is not an art is essentially a misleading one. Although photography generates works…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/but-the-very-question-of-whether-photography-is-or-is-not-an-art-is/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/771/susan-sontag-332_art_but-the-very-question-of-whether-photogr_2000165.jpg)

> [Between two fantasy alternatives, that Holbein the Younger had lived long enough to have painted Shakespeare or that a prototype of the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/between-two-fantasy-alternatives-that-holbein-the-younger-had-lived/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/68f/susan-sontag-332_alternatives_between-two-fantasy-alternatives-that-ho_1735168.jpg)

> [“That we are not totally transformed, that we can turn away, turn the page, switch the channel, does not impugn the ethical…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/that-we-are-not-totally-transformed-that-we-can-turn-away-turn-the/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/928/susan-sontag-332_action_that-we-are-not-totally-transformed-that_2641145.jpg)

> [“Most of Arbus's work lies within the Warhol aesthetic, that is, defines itself in relation to the twin poles of boringness and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/most-of-arbus-s-work-lies-within-the-warhol-aesthetic-that-is-defines/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4c2/susan-sontag-332_hobbesian-man_most-of-arbus-s-work-lies-within-the-war_878537.jpg)

> [But when we are nostalgic, we take pictures](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/but-when-we-are-nostalgic-we-take-pictures/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ee5/susan-sontag-332_funny_but-when-we-are-nostalgic-we-take-pictur_2535651.jpg)

> [A photograph comes into being, as it is seen, all at once.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/a-photograph-comes-into-being-as-it-is-seen-all-at-once/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/fa0/susan-sontag-332_inspirational_a-photograph-comes-into-being-as-it-is-s_1933968.jpg)

> [Images are more real than anyone could have supposed.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/images-are-more-real-than-anyone-could-have-supposed/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/2b1/susan-sontag-332_images_images-are-more-real-than-anyone-could-h_3199184.jpg)

> [Life is a movie; death is a photograph.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/life-is-a-movie-death-is-a-photograph/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/3db/susan-sontag-332_death_life-is-a-movie-death-is-a-photograph-17_177362.jpg)

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- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b009/author-elliott-erwitt-32797.jpg) Elliott Erwitt 56 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/photography/elliott-erwitt/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b007/author-chuck-close-24081.jpg) Chuck Close 48 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/photography/chuck-close/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b017/author-mary-ellen-mark-65021.jpg) Mary Ellen Mark 47 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/photography/mary-ellen-mark/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b021/author-roland-barthes-80799.jpg) Roland Barthes 46 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/photography/roland-barthes/)
- [ ![](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/uploads/sms4s/authors/processed/b003/author-abhinavagupta-8944.jpg) Edward Weston 46 quotes ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/photography/edward-weston/)

## More by Susan Sontag

> [the appetite for thinking must be regulated, as all sensible people know, for it may stifle one's life.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-appetite-for-thinking-must-be-regulated-as-all-sensible-people/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [We are ruled by quotations.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/we-are-ruled-by-quotations/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [Unfortunately, moral beauty in art - like physical beauty in a person - is extremely perishable. It is nowhere so durable as artistic or…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/unfortunately-moral-beauty-in-art-like-physical-beauty-in-a-person-is/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [Like the collector, the photographer is animated by a passion that, even when it appears to be for the present, is linked to a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/like-the-collector-the-photographer-is-animated-by-a-passion-that/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [ Anthropology has always struggled with an intense, fascinated repulsion towards its subject… \[The anthropologist\] submits himself to the exotic to confirm his own inner… ](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/anthropology-has-always-struggled-with-an-intense-fascinated/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [“Why not eliminate schooling between age 12-16? It’s biologically + psychologically too turbulent a time to be cooped up inside, made to sit all…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/why-not-eliminate-schooling-between-age-12-16-it-s-biologically/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [To photograph people is to violate them, by seeing them as they never see themselves, by having knowledge of them that they can never…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/to-photograph-people-is-to-violate-them-by-seeing-them-as-they-never/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [One set of messages of the society we live in is: Consume. Grow. Do what you want. Amuse yourselves. The very working of this…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/one-set-of-messages-of-the-society-we-live-in-is-consume-grow-do-what/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [Currently intellectuals in Western Europe and North America are extremely demoralized and shaken by the rise of a virulent conservative tendency (which some have…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/currently-intellectuals-in-western-europe-and-north-america-are/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [With the modern diseases (once TB, now cancer) the romantic idea that the disease expresses the character is invariably extended to assert that the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/with-the-modern-diseases-once-tb-now-cancer-the-romantic-idea-that/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [As objects of contemplation, images of the atrocious can answer to several different needs. To steel oneself against weakness. To make oneself more numb.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/as-objects-of-contemplation-images-of-the-atrocious-can-answer-to/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [The creative phase of an idea coincides with the period during which it insists, cantankerously, on its boundaries, on what makes it different; but…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-creative-phase-of-an-idea-coincides-with-the-period-during-which/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [Photographs objectify: they turn an event or a person into something that can be possessed.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/photographs-objectify-they-turn-an-event-or-a-person-into-something/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [I'm not interested in giving aid and comfort to the neo­-Conservatives.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/i-m-not-interested-in-giving-aid-and-comfort-to-the-neo-conservatives/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

> [The feminist movement has been important to me because it's made me feel less odd and also because it has made me understand some…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/susan-sontag/the-feminist-movement-has-been-important-to-me-because-it-s-made-me/)

[Susan Sontag](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/susan-sontag/)

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                        "text": "The destiny of photography has taken it far beyond the role to which it was originally thought to be limited: to give more accurate reports on reality (including works of art). Photography is the reality; the real object is often experienced as a letdown.",
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                        "text": "... one of art photography's most vigorous enterprises--[is] concentrating on victims, on the unfortunate--but without the compassionate purpose that such a project is expected to serve.",
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                        "text": "The camera can be lenient; it is can also expert at being cruel. But its cruelty only produces another kind of beauty, according to the surrealist preferences which rule photographic taste.",
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                        "text": "Just as a camera is a sublimation of the gun, to photograph someone is a subliminal murder - a soft murder, appropriate to a sad, frightened time.",
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                        "text": "The photographer's intentions do not determine the meaning of a photograph, which will have its own career, blown by the whims and loyalties of the diverse communities that have use for it.",
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                        "text": "Industrial societies turn their citizens into image-junkies; it is the most irresistible form of mental pollution. Poignant longings for beauty, for an end to probing below the surface, for a redemption and celebration of the body of the world. Ultimately, having an experience becomes identical with taking a photograph of it.",
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                        "text": "It is a nostalgic time right now, and photographs actively promote nostalgia. Photography is an elegiac art, a twilight art. Most subjects photographed are, just by virtue of being photographed, touched with pathos. ... All photographs are memento mori. To take photograph is to participate in another person's mortality, vulnerability, mutability. Precisely by slicing out this moment and freezing it, all photographs testify to time's relentless melt",
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                        "text": "Our very sense of situation is now articulated by the camera's interventions. The omnipresence of cameras persuasively suggests that time consists of interesting events, events worth photographing. This, in turn, makes it easy to feel that any event, once underway, and whatever its moral character, should be allowed to complete itself - so that something else can be brought into the world, the photograph.",
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                        "text": "Cameras began duplicating the world at that moment when the human landscape started to undergo a vertiginous rate of change: while an untold number of forms of biological and social life are being destroyed in a brief span of time, a device is available to record what is disappearing.",
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                        "text": "While a painting, even one that meets photographic standards of resemblance, is never more than the stating of an interpretation, a photograph is never less than the registering of an emanation (light waves reflected by objects)- a material vestigate of its subject in a way that no painting can be... Having a photograph of Shakespeare would be like having a nail from the True Cross.",
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                        "text": "“The photographer is now charging real beasts, beleaguered and too rare to kill. Guns have metamorphosed into cameras in this earnest comedy, the ecology safari, because nature has ceased to be what it always had been - what people needed protection from. Now nature - tamed, endangered, mortal - needs to be protected from people. When we are afraid, we shoot. But when we are nostalgic, we take pictures.”",
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                        "text": "Any photograph has multiple meanings: indeed, to see something in the form of a photograph is to encounter a potential object of fascination. The ultimate wisdom of the photographic image is to say: “There is the surface. Now think – or rather feel, intuit – what is beyond it, what the reality must be like if it looks this way.’ Photographs, which cannot themselves explain anything, are inexhaustible invitations to deduction, speculation, and fantasy",
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                        "text": "Images anesthetize. An event known through photographs certainly becomes more real than it would have been if one had never seen the photographs ... But after repeated exposure to images it also becomes less real. ... 'concerned' photography has done at least as much to deaden conscience as to arouse it.",
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                        "text": "“But the very question of whether photography is or is not an art is essentially a misleading one. Although photography generates works that can be called art --it requires subjectivity, it can lie, it gives aesthetic pleasure-- photography is not, to begin with, an art form at all. Like language, it is a medium in which works of art (among other things) are made. Out of language, one can make scientific discourse, bureaucratic memoranda, love letters, grocery lists, and Balzac's Paris. Out of photography, one can make passport pictures, weather photographs, pornographic pictures, X-rays, wedding pictures, and Atget's Paris. Photography is not an art like, say, painting and poetry. Although the activities of some photographers conform to the traditional notion of a fine art, the activity of exceptionally talented individuals producing discrete objects that have value in themselves, form the beginning photography has also lent itself to that notion of art which says that art is obsolete. The power of photography --and its centrality in present aesthetic concerns-- is that it confirms both ideas of art. But the way in which photography renders art obsolete is, in the long run, stronger.”",
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                        "text": "Between two fantasy alternatives, that Holbein the Younger had lived long enough to have painted Shakespeare or that a prototype of the camera had been invented early enough to have photographed him, most Bardolators would choose the photograph. This is not just because it would presumably show what Shakespeare really looked like, for even if the photograph were faded, barely legible, a brownish shadow, we would probably still prefer it to another glorious Holbein. Having a photograph of Shakespeare would be like having a nail from the True Cross.",
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                        "text": "“That we are not totally transformed, that we can turn away, turn the page, switch the channel, does not impugn the ethical value of an assault by images. It is not a defect that we are not seared, that we do not suffer enough , when we see these images. Neither is the photograph supposed to repair our ignorance about the history and causes of the suffering it picks out and frames. Such images cannot be more than an invitation to pay attention, to reflect, to learn, to examine the rationalizations for mass suffering offered by established powers. Who caused what the picture shows? Who is responsible? Is it excusable? Was it inevitable? Is there some state of affairs which we have accepted up to now that ought to be challenged? All this, with the understanding that moral indignation, like compassion, cannot dictate a course of action.”",
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                        "text": "“Most of Arbus's work lies within the Warhol aesthetic, that is, defines itself in relation to the twin poles of boringness and freakishness; but it doesn't have the Warhol style. Arbus had neither Warhol's narcissism and genius for publicity nor the self-protective blandness with which he insulates himself from the freaky nor his sentimentality. It is unlikey that Warhol, who comes from a working-class family, ever felt any ambivalence toward success which afflicted the children of the Jewish upper middle classes in the 1960s. To someone raised as a Catholic, like Warhol (and virtually everyone in his gang), a fascination with evil comes much more genuinely than it does to someone from a Jewish background. Compared with Warhol, Arbus seems strikingly vulnerable, innocent--and certainly more pessimistic. Her Dantesque vision of the city (and the suburbs) has no reserves of irony. Although much of Arbus's material is the same as that depicted in, say, Warhol's Chelsea Girls (1966)...For Arbus, both freaks and Middle America were equally exotic: a boy marching in a pro-war parade and a Levittown housewife were as alien as a dwarf or a transvestite; lower-middle-class suburbia was as remote as Times Square, lunatic asylums, and gay bars. Arbus's work expressed her turn against what was public (as she experienced it), conventional, safe, reassuring--and boring--in favor of what was private, hidden, ugly, dangerous, and fascinating. These contrasts, now, seem almost quaint. What is safe no long monopolizes public imagery. The freakish is no longer a private zone, difficult of access. People who are bizarre, in sexual disgrace, emotionally vacant are seen daily on the newsstands, on TV, in the subways. Hobbesian man roams the streets, quite visible, with glitter in his hair.”",
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                        "text": "But when we are nostalgic, we take pictures",
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