---
title: "39 Past Quotes By George Orwell"
description: "George Orwell's past quotes examine history, truth, and control."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a7d/george-orwell-57_forgotten_the-past-was-erased-the-erasure-was-forg_1498041.jpg"
---

> [The past was erased, the erasure was forgotten, the lie became the truth.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-past-was-erased-the-erasure-was-forgotten-the-lie-became-the-truth/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a7d/george-orwell-57_forgotten_the-past-was-erased-the-erasure-was-forg_1498041.jpg)

> [“Day by day and almost minute by minute the past was brought up to date.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/day-by-day-and-almost-minute-by-minute-the-past-was-brought-up-to-date/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e7f/george-orwell-57_1984_day-by-day-and-almost-minute-by-minute-t_1371080.jpg)

> [Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/who-controls-the-past-controls-the-future-who-controls-the-present/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ee0/george-orwell-57_future_who-controls-the-past-controls-the-futur_390702.jpg)

> [The past is whatever the records and the memories agree upon.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-past-is-whatever-the-records-and-the-memories-agree-upon/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/9bd/george-orwell-57_agree_the-past-is-whatever-the-records-and-the_1027356.jpg)

> [“The past not only changed, but changed continuously. What”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-past-not-only-changed-but-changed-continuously-what/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/32d/george-orwell-57_changed_the-past-not-only-changed-but-changed-co_2504362.jpg)

> [“The past is a curious thing. It's with you all the time,”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-past-is-a-curious-thing-it-s-with-you-all-the-time/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4a6/george-orwell-57_curiosity_the-past-is-a-curious-thing-it-s-with-yo_3203733.jpg)

> [“Who controls the past controls the future.”](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/who-controls-the-past-controls-the-future/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/61f/george-orwell-57_future_who-controls-the-past-controls-the-futur_2789975.jpg)

> [He was alone. The past was dead, the future was unimaginable.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/he-was-alone-the-past-was-dead-the-future-was-unimaginable/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/02c/george-orwell-57_dead_he-was-alone-the-past-was-dead-the-futur_157123.jpg)

> [The enemy of the moment always represented absolute evil, and it followed that any past or future agreement with him was impossible.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-enemy-of-the-moment-always-represented-absolute-evil-and-it/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/3b1/george-orwell-57_agreement_the-enemy-of-the-moment-always-represent_946350.jpg)

> [If both the past and the external world exist only in the mind, and if the mind itself is controllable - what…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/if-both-the-past-and-the-external-world-exist-only-in-the-mind-and-if/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f73/george-orwell-57_mind_if-both-the-past-and-the-external-world_1510327.jpg)

> [The secret of rulership is to combine a belief in one’s own infallibility with a power to learn from past mistakes.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-secret-of-rulership-is-to-combine-a-belief-in-one-s-own/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8cb/george-orwell-57_belief_the-secret-of-rulership-is-to-combine-a_1343848.jpg)

> [The only imaginative prose writer of the slightest value who has appeared among the English-speaking races for some years past.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-only-imaginative-prose-writer-of-the-slightest-value-who-has/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/088/george-orwell-57_english-speaking_the-only-imaginative-prose-writer-of-the_1055464.jpg)

> [He who controls the present, controls the past. He who controls the past, controls the future.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/he-who-controls-the-present-controls-the-past-he-who-controls-the/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/091/george-orwell-57_control_he-who-controls-the-present-controls-the_1032481.jpg)

> [All political thinking for years past has been vitiated in the same way. People can foresee the future only when it coincides…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/all-political-thinking-for-years-past-has-been-vitiated-in-the-same/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6d3/george-orwell-57_facts_all-political-thinking-for-years-past-ha_2913118.jpg)

> [Contrary to popular belief, the past was not more eventful than the present. If it seems so it is because when you…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/contrary-to-popular-belief-the-past-was-not-more-eventful-than-the/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/02d/george-orwell-57_belief_contrary-to-popular-belief-the-past-was_279773.jpg)

> [For weeks past he had been making ready for this moment, and it had never crossed his mind that anything would be…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/for-weeks-past-he-had-been-making-ready-for-this-moment-and-it-had/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/1ea/george-orwell-57_courage_for-weeks-past-he-had-been-making-ready_3012768.jpg)

> [A totalitarian state is in effect a theocracy, and its ruling caste, in order to keep its position, has to be thought…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/a-totalitarian-state-is-in-effect-a-theocracy-and-its-ruling-caste-in/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d82/george-orwell-57_castes_a-totalitarian-state-is-in-effect-a-theo_1463306.jpg)

> [To the future or to the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/to-the-future-or-to-the-past-to-a-time-when-thought-is-free-when-men-2/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f3b/george-orwell-57_age_to-the-future-or-to-the-past-to-a-time-w_1721369.jpg)

> [For, after all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or that the force of gravity works? Or that…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/for-after-all-how-do-we-know-that-two-and-two-make-four-or-that-the/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/463/george-orwell-57_force_for-after-all-how-do-we-know-that-two-an_3210625.jpg)

> [“Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street building has been…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/every-record-has-been-destroyed-or-falsified-every-book-rewritten/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/53e/george-orwell-57_1984_every-record-has-been-destroyed-or-falsi_1617646.jpg)

> [In the past the need for a hierarchal form of society has been the doctrine specifically of the High. It had been…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/in-the-past-the-need-for-a-hierarchal-form-of-society-has-been-the/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/8b1/george-orwell-57_doctrine_in-the-past-the-need-for-a-hierarchal-fo_2058502.jpg)

> [A hierarchical society is only possible on the basis of poverty and ignorance, this new version is the past and no different…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/a-hierarchical-society-is-only-possible-on-the-basis-of-poverty-and/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/f2b/george-orwell-57_asia_a-hierarchical-society-is-only-possible_97493.jpg)

> [He wondered vaguely whether in the abolished past it had been a normal experience to lie in bed like this, in the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/he-wondered-vaguely-whether-in-the-abolished-past-it-had-been-a/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/007/george-orwell-57_bed_he-wondered-vaguely-whether-in-the-aboli_2415424.jpg)

> [“Contrary to popular belief, the past was not more eventful than the present. If seems so it is because when you look…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/contrary-to-popular-belief-the-past-was-not-more-eventful-than-the-2/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bdb/george-orwell-57_contrary-to-popular_contrary-to-popular-belief-the-past-was_1439763.jpg)

> [Perhaps a lunatic was simply a minority of one. At one time it had been a sign of madness to believe that…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/perhaps-a-lunatic-was-simply-a-minority-of-one-at-one-time-it-had/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d63/george-orwell-57_belief_perhaps-a-lunatic-was-simply-a-minority_2679659.jpg)

> [The mutability of the past is the central tenet of Ingsoc. Past events, it is argued, have no objective existance, but survive…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-mutability-of-the-past-is-the-central-tenet-of-ingsoc-past-events/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/6d2/george-orwell-57_1984-important_the-mutability-of-the-past-is-the-centra_1562718.jpg)

> [Day by day and almost minute by minute the past was brought up to date. In this way every prediction made by…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/day-by-day-and-almost-minute-by-minute-the-past-was-brought-up-to/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a12/george-orwell-57_day-by-day_day-by-day-and-almost-minute-by-minute-t_497053.jpg)

> [The men who were well enough to stand had moved across the carriage to cheer the Italians as they went past. A…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-men-who-were-well-enough-to-stand-had-moved-across-the-carriage/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c75/george-orwell-57_carriages_the-men-who-were-well-enough-to-stand-ha_1998274.jpg)

> [The past is a curious thing. It's with you all the time. I suppose an hour never passes without your thinking of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-past-is-a-curious-thing-it-s-with-you-all-the-time-i-suppose-an/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/540/george-orwell-57_book_the-past-is-a-curious-thing-it-s-with-yo_377770.jpg)

> [“Within twenty years at the most, he reflected, the huge and simple question, “Was life better before the Revolution than it is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/within-twenty-years-at-the-most-he-reflected-the-huge-and-simple/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bb0/george-orwell-57_comparison_within-twenty-years-at-the-most-he-refle_861277.jpg)

> [England will still be England, an everlasting animal, stretching into the future and the past and like all living things having the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/england-will-still-be-england-an-everlasting-animal-stretching-into/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/56f/george-orwell-57_animal_england-will-still-be-england-an-everlas_2087885.jpg)

> [And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed—if all records told the same tale—then the lie passed into history…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/and-if-all-others-accepted-the-lie-which-the-party-imposed-if-all/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/3ff/george-orwell-57_accepted_and-if-all-others-accepted-the-lie-which_20139.jpg)

> [Whoever controls the image and information of the past determines what and how future generations will think; whoever controls the information and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/whoever-controls-the-image-and-information-of-the-past-determines/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/312/george-orwell-57_command_whoever-controls-the-image-and-informati_1487751.jpg)

> [He felt as though he were wandering in the forests of the sea bottom, lost in a monstrous world where he himself…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/he-felt-as-though-he-were-wandering-in-the-forests-of-the-sea-bottom/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/591/george-orwell-57_bottom_he-felt-as-though-he-were-wandering-in-t_15925.jpg)

> [The clock struck half past two. In the little office at the back of Mr. McKechnie's bookshop, Gordon--Gordon Comstock, last member of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-clock-struck-half-past-two-in-the-little-office-at-the-back-of-mr/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d1b/george-orwell-57_book_the-clock-struck-half-past-two-in-the-li_2386246.jpg)

> [In Oceania at the present day, Science, in the old sense, has almost ceased to exist. In Newspeak there is no word…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/in-oceania-at-the-present-day-science-in-the-old-sense-has-almost/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/33e/george-orwell-57_achievement_in-oceania-at-the-present-day-science-in_68053.jpg)

> [“If the Party could thrust its hand into the past and say of this or that event, it never happened —that, surely,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/if-the-party-could-thrust-its-hand-into-the-past-and-say-of-this-or-2/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/4a5/george-orwell-57_1984_if-the-party-could-thrust-its-hand-into_1594162.jpg)

> [Totalitarianism, however, does not so much promise an age of faith as an age of schizophrenia. A society becomes totalitarian when its…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/totalitarianism-however-does-not-so-much-promise-an-age-of-faith-as/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/272/george-orwell-57_age_totalitarianism-however-does-not-so-much_1160909.jpg)

> [It was true that there was no such person as Comrade Oglivy, but a few lines of print and a couple of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/it-was-true-that-there-was-no-such-person-as-comrade-oglivy-but-a-few/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/0d8/george-orwell-57_comrade_it-was-true-that-there-was-no-such-perso_1067107.jpg)

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## More by George Orwell

> [In the nineteenth century some parts of the world were unexplored, but there was almost no restriction on travel.:; Up to 1914 you did…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/in-the-nineteenth-century-some-parts-of-the-world-were-unexplored-but/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [It was given out that the animals there practised cannibalism, tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes, and had their females in common. This was…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/it-was-given-out-that-the-animals-there-practised-cannibalism/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [“The actual writing would be easy. All he had to do was to transfer to paper the interminable restless monologue that had been running…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/the-actual-writing-would-be-easy-all-he-had-to-do-was-to-transfer-to/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [He felt as though he were wandering in the forests of the sea bottom, lost in a monstrous world where he himself was the…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/he-felt-as-though-he-were-wandering-in-the-forests-of-the-sea-bottom/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [“if you took 1 Corinthians, chapter thirteen, and in every verse wrote 'money' instead of 'charity', the chapter had ten times as much meaning…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/if-you-took-1-corinthians-chapter-thirteen-and-in-every-verse-wrote/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [Happiness can exist only in acceptance.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/happiness-can-exist-only-in-acceptance/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed—if all records told the same tale—then the lie passed into history and became…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/and-if-all-others-accepted-the-lie-which-the-party-imposed-if-all/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [“Whitman himself "accepted" a great deal that his contemporaries found unmentionable. For he is not only writing of the prairie, he also wanders through…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/whitman-himself-accepted-a-great-deal-that-his-contemporaries-found/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [“But I tell you, Winston, that reality is not external. Reality exists in the human mind, and nowhere else. Whatever the Party holds to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/but-i-tell-you-winston-that-reality-is-not-external-reality-exists-in/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [“And the people under the sky were also very much the same...everywhere, all over the world, hundreds or thousands of millions of people just…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/and-the-people-under-the-sky-were-also-very-much-the-same-everywhere/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/don-t-you-see-that-the-whole-aim-of-newspeak-is-to-narrow-the-range/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [Windmill or no windmill, he said, life would go on as it had always gone on--that is, badly.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/windmill-or-no-windmill-he-said-life-would-go-on-as-it-had-always/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [“Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/man-is-the-only-creature-that-consumes-without-producing-he-does-not/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [And the bigger the fall, the bigger the joke. It would be better fun to throw a custard pie at a bishop than at…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/and-the-bigger-the-fall-the-bigger-the-joke-it-would-be-better-fun-to/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

> [“Any writer or journalist who wants to retain his integrity finds himself thwarted by the general drift of society rather than by active persecution.…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/george-orwell/any-writer-or-journalist-who-wants-to-retain-his-integrity-finds/)

[George Orwell](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/george-orwell/)

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                        "text": "For weeks past he had been making ready for this moment, and it had never crossed his mind that anything would be needed except courage. The actual writing would be easy. All he had to do was to transfer to paper the interminable restless monologue that had been running inside his head, literally for years.",
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                        "text": "A totalitarian state is in effect a theocracy, and its ruling caste, in order to keep its position, has to be thought of as infallible. But since, in practice, no one is infallible, it is frequently necessary to rearrange past events in order to show that this or that mistake was not made, or that this or that imaginary triumph actually happened.",
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                        "text": "To the future or to the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone— to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone: From the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, from the age of Big Brother, from the age of doublethink — greetings!",
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                        "text": "For, after all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or that the force of gravity works? Or that the past is unchangeable? If both the past and the external world exist only in the mind, and if the mind itself is controllable – what then?",
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                        "text": "“Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street building has been renamed, every date has been altered. And the process is continuing day by day and minute by minute. History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right.”",
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                        "text": "In the past the need for a hierarchal form of society has been the doctrine specifically of the High. It had been preached by kings and aristocrats and the priests, lawyers and the like who were parasitical upon them, and it had generally been softened by promises of an imaginary world beyond the grave.",
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                        "text": "A hierarchical society is only possible on the basis of poverty and ignorance, this new version is the past and no different past can ever have existed. In principle the war effort is always planned to keep society on the brink of starvation. The war is waged by the ruling group against its own subjects and its object is not the victory over either Eurasia or East Asia but to keep the very structure of society intact.",
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                        "text": "He wondered vaguely whether in the abolished past it had been a normal experience to lie in bed like this, in the cool of a summer evening, a man and a woman with no clothes on, making love when they chose, talking of what they chose, not feeling any compulsion to get up, simply lying there and listening to peaceful sounds outside. Surely there could never have been a time when that seemed ordinary?",
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                        "text": "“Contrary to popular belief, the past was not more eventful than the present. If seems so it is because when you look backward things that happened years apart are telescoped together, and because very few of your memories come to you genuinely virgin. It is largely because of the books, films and reminiscences that have come between that the war of 1914-18 is now supposed to have had some tremendous, epic quality that the present one lacks.”",
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                        "text": "Perhaps a lunatic was simply a minority of one. At one time it had been a sign of madness to believe that the Earth goes round the Sun; today, to believe the past is inalterable. He might be alone in holding that belief, and if alone, then a lunatic. But the thought of being a lunatic did not greatly trouble him; the horror was that he might also be wrong.",
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                        "text": "The mutability of the past is the central tenet of Ingsoc. Past events, it is argued, have no objective existance, but survive only in written records and in human memories. The past is whatever the records and the memories agree upon. And since the Party is in full control of all records, and in equally full control of the minds of its members, it follows that the past is whatever the Party chooses to make it.",
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                        "text": "Day by day and almost minute by minute the past was brought up to date. In this way every prediction made by the Party could be shown by documentary evidence to have been correct; nor was any item of news, or any expression of opinion, which conflicted with the needs of the moment, ever allowed to remain on record. All history was a palimpsest, scraped clean and reinscribed exactly as often as was necessary.",
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                        "text": "The men who were well enough to stand had moved across the carriage to cheer the Italians as they went past. A crutch waved out of the window; bandaged forearms made the Red Salute. It was like an allegorical picture of war; the trainload of fresh men gliding proudly up the line, the maimed men sliding slowly down, and all the while the guns on the open trucks making one's heart leap as guns always do, and reviving that pernicious feeling, so difficult to get rid of, that war *is* glorious after all.",
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                        "text": "The past is a curious thing. It's with you all the time. I suppose an hour never passes without your thinking of things that happened ten or twenty years ago, and yet most of the time it's got no reality, it's just a set of facts that you've learned, like a lot of stuff in a history book. Then some chance sight or sound or smell, especially smell, sets you going, and the past doesn't merely come back to you, you're actually IN the past. It was like that at this moment.",
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                        "text": "“Within twenty years at the most, he reflected, the huge and simple question, “Was life better before the Revolution than it is now?” would have ceased once and for all to be answerable. But in effect it was unanswerable even now, since the few scattered survivors from the ancient world were incapable of comparing one age with another. They remembered a million useless things, a quarrel with a workmate, a hunt for a lost bicycle pump, the expression on a long-dead sister’s face, the swirls of dust on a windy morning seventy years ago; but all the relevant facts were outside the range of their vision. They were like the ant, which can see small objects but not large ones. And when memory failed and written records were falsified—when that happened, the claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human life had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it could be tested.”",
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