---
title: "33 Kant Quotes By Allen W. Wood"
description: "33 Kant quotes by Allen W. Wood. Plus more from Allen W. Wood and more Kant sayings from other authors."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/067/allen-w-wood-2748_agency_kant-does-not-regard-freedom-as-an-item_2406527.jpg"
---

> [Kant does not regard freedom as an item of faith because it is too basic to our agency to be related to…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-does-not-regard-freedom-as-an-item-of-faith-because-it-is-too/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/067/allen-w-wood-2748_agency_kant-does-not-regard-freedom-as-an-item_2406527.jpg)

> [Kant can provide, and has provided, a good model for philosophers to think about the relation of metaphysics to science and scientific…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-can-provide-and-has-provided-a-good-model-for-philosophers-to/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/e65/allen-w-wood-2748_kant_kant-can-provide-and-has-provided-a-good_508742.jpg)

> [Kant takes a free will to be a being or substance with the power to cause a state of the world (or…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-takes-a-free-will-to-be-a-being-or-substance-with-the-power-to/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c4a/allen-w-wood-2748_causes_kant-takes-a-free-will-to-be-a-being-or_2462953.jpg)

> [Kant considers belief in God and immortality to be items of "faith" because he relates faith to the pursuit of ends -…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-considers-belief-in-god-and-immortality-to-be-items-of-faith/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/799/allen-w-wood-2748_belief_kant-considers-belief-in-god-and-immorta_311381.jpg)

> [Kant thinks we can show that there is no contradiction in supposing we are free.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-thinks-we-can-show-that-there-is-no-contradiction-in-supposing/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b62/allen-w-wood-2748_contradiction_kant-thinks-we-can-show-that-there-is-no_2396450.jpg)

> [It would be nice, wouldn't it? if we could get comfortable about the problem of freedom. Kant thinks that we can't.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/it-would-be-nice-wouldn-t-it-if-we-could-get-comfortable-about-the/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/cf7/allen-w-wood-2748_being-nice_it-would-be-nice-wouldn-t-it-if-we-could_1998704.jpg)

> [I don't think Kant's approach to religion is any longer viable in its original form. But that does not mean it is…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/i-don-t-think-kant-s-approach-to-religion-is-any-longer-viable-in-its/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/de5/allen-w-wood-2748_approach_i-don-t-think-kant-s-approach-to-religio_2148468.jpg)

> [Kant did think he had a moral route back to rational faith in God, for those who need it, and he thought…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-did-think-he-had-a-moral-route-back-to-rational-faith-in-god-for/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/87e/allen-w-wood-2748_faith-in-god_kant-did-think-he-had-a-moral-route-back_2259039.jpg)

> [My own view is that Kant's conception of the duality of the good (morality and happiness, the good of our person and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/my-own-view-is-that-kant-s-conception-of-the-duality-of-the-good/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/b01/allen-w-wood-2748_conception_my-own-view-is-that-kant-s-conception-of_174011.jpg)

> [Kant thinks that a free will is a will under moral laws and that freedom and the moral law are distinct thoughts…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-thinks-that-a-free-will-is-a-will-under-moral-laws-and-that/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/5f9/allen-w-wood-2748_free-will_kant-thinks-that-a-free-will-is-a-will-u_743439.jpg)

> [As Kant says, the contribution of any common laborer would be greater than that of the greatest philosopher unless the philosopher makes…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/as-kant-says-the-contribution-of-any-common-laborer-would-be-greater/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a12/allen-w-wood-2748_common_as-kant-says-the-contribution-of-any-com_2736183.jpg)

> [Kant does represents a distinctively modern view of the human condition in contrast to that of ancient high culture, found in ancient…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-does-represents-a-distinctively-modern-view-of-the-human/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/31f/allen-w-wood-2748_ancient_kant-does-represents-a-distinctively-mod_2266376.jpg)

> [Kant does not think that the silly commandment "universalize your maxims" is the be-all and end-all of ethics or that it provides…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-does-not-think-that-the-silly-commandment-universalize-your/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/ebb/allen-w-wood-2748_circumstances_kant-does-not-think-that-the-silly-comma_2092554.jpg)

> [Kant has been famous for his rejection of eudaimonism, but I think Kantian ethics has a great deal in common with Aristotle,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-has-been-famous-for-his-rejection-of-eudaimonism-but-i-think/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/776/allen-w-wood-2748_believe_kant-has-been-famous-for-his-rejection-o_266893.jpg)

> [Kant attempted to work out a view of religion and religious belief according to which existing religions could be brought into harmony…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-attempted-to-work-out-a-view-of-religion-and-religious-belief/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/411/allen-w-wood-2748_belief_kant-attempted-to-work-out-a-view-of-rel_741793.jpg)

> [We are generally forced to choose one way or the other of distancing ourselves from Kant. I suppose I tend to choose…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/we-are-generally-forced-to-choose-one-way-or-the-other-of-distancing/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/520/allen-w-wood-2748_i-regret_we-are-generally-forced-to-choose-one-wa_2523416.jpg)

> [Both Kant and Fichte thought of traditions of revealed religion as ways of symbolically (that is, with aesthetic emotional power) thinking about…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/both-kant-and-fichte-thought-of-traditions-of-revealed-religion-as/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/d9f/allen-w-wood-2748_aesthetic_both-kant-and-fichte-thought-of-traditio_2557546.jpg)

> [There is a very common, though also very silly, picture of Kant according to which as empirical beings we are not free…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/there-is-a-very-common-though-also-very-silly-picture-of-kant/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

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> [Some of Kant's particular moral opinions, either because he shared the prejudices of his time, or because of his own personal crotchets,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/some-of-kant-s-particular-moral-opinions-either-because-he-shared-the/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/cc8/allen-w-wood-2748_available_some-of-kant-s-particular-moral-opinions_464029.jpg)

> [Kantian ethical theory distinguishes three levels: First, that of a fundamental principle (the categorical imperative, formulated in three main ways in Kant's…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kantian-ethical-theory-distinguishes-three-levels-first-that-of-a/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/dcd/allen-w-wood-2748_application_kantian-ethical-theory-distinguishes-thr_51399.jpg)

> [Kant does not think that along with choice of an action we also choose in each case the motive from which we…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-does-not-think-that-along-with-choice-of-an-action-we-also/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7bd/allen-w-wood-2748_absent_kant-does-not-think-that-along-with-choi_1941554.jpg)

> [Kant does not think there is anything wrong with being beneficent from sympathy. He thinks we have a duty to cultivate sympathetic…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-does-not-think-there-is-anything-wrong-with-being-beneficent/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/508/allen-w-wood-2748_available_kant-does-not-think-there-is-anything-wr_2094945.jpg)

> [From the beginning, there has been a tension in the reception of the Kantian idea of autonomy. If you emphasize the 'nomos'…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/from-the-beginning-there-has-been-a-tension-in-the-reception-of-the/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/bc2/allen-w-wood-2748_autonomy_from-the-beginning-there-has-been-a-tens_3086356.jpg)

> [In fact, if you read what Kant has to say about feeling, desire and emotion, you see that he is not at…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/in-fact-if-you-read-what-kant-has-to-say-about-feeling-desire-and/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/c76/allen-w-wood-2748_and-love_in-fact-if-you-read-what-kant-has-to-say_2154244.jpg)

> [“Especially to be avoided is approaching Kant's life in a spirit of hero worship or hagiography -- as though our interest in…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/especially-to-be-avoided-is-approaching-kant-s-life-in-a-spirit-of/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/7d2/allen-w-wood-2748_bias_especially-to-be-avoided-is-approaching_2960332.jpg)

> [“What is most remarkable about the philosophy of Kant, in my opinion, is the wide range of topics on which his thoughts…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/what-is-most-remarkable-about-the-philosophy-of-kant-in-my-opinion-is/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/dc1/allen-w-wood-2748_buddhism_what-is-most-remarkable-about-the-philos_558537.jpg)

> [Kant thinks of judgment as a special faculty or talent of the mind, not reducible to discursive reasoning but cultivated through experience…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-thinks-of-judgment-as-a-special-faculty-or-talent-of-the-mind/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/a4c/allen-w-wood-2748_faculty_kant-thinks-of-judgment-as-a-special-fac_2360053.jpg)

> [If the problem of free will is to see how freedom fits into the order of nature, then Kant's basic view about…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/if-the-problem-of-free-will-is-to-see-how-freedom-fits-into-the-order/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/71b/allen-w-wood-2748_fit_if-the-problem-of-free-will-is-to-see-ho_1534049.jpg)

> [Kant was a rational theologian. He did not pretend to be a biblical or revealed theologian.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-was-a-rational-theologian-he-did-not-pretend-to-be-a-biblical-or/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/db8/allen-w-wood-2748_biblical_kant-was-a-rational-theologian-he-did-no_1123199.jpg)

> [Not only in order to act morally, but even to formulate theoretical questions, devise experiments, choose which ones to perform and what…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/not-only-in-order-to-act-morally-but-even-to-formulate-theoretical/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/450/allen-w-wood-2748_assuming_not-only-in-order-to-act-morally-but-eve_2880956.jpg)

> [I don't think Kant's theory looks bad to people except insofar as they have misunderstood it (for instance, as heartless and ironheaded,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/i-don-t-think-kant-s-theory-looks-bad-to-people-except-insofar-as/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/82e/allen-w-wood-2748_absurd_i-don-t-think-kant-s-theory-looks-bad-to_254986.jpg)

> [I think Fichte did take it further than Kant by arguing that we can regard the moral law as objectively valid only…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/i-think-fichte-did-take-it-further-than-kant-by-arguing-that-we-can/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/3c1/allen-w-wood-2748_addresses_i-think-fichte-did-take-it-further-than_1375361.jpg)

> [Kant is not saying - about freedom or any other subject - anything of the form: "Not-p but we must assume that…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-is-not-saying-about-freedom-or-any-other-subject-anything-of-the/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/764/allen-w-wood-2748_assuming_kant-is-not-saying-about-freedom-or-any_1191219.jpg)

## Other authors on Kant

## More by Allen W. Wood

> [For the utilitarian, there is a fact of the matter about the good (the general happiness, or whatever conception of the good the utilitarian…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/for-the-utilitarian-there-is-a-fact-of-the-matter-about-the-good-the/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [No theory about our bodies as mere objects of observation and calculation (as distinct from partners in communicative interaction, assumed to be free) can…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/no-theory-about-our-bodies-as-mere-objects-of-observation-and/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [Kantian ethical theory distinguishes three levels: First, that of a fundamental principle (the categorical imperative, formulated in three main ways in Kant's Groundwork); second,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kantian-ethical-theory-distinguishes-three-levels-first-that-of-a/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [Some empirical feelings, such as sympathy, are indispensable parts of certain moral virtues.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/some-empirical-feelings-such-as-sympathy-are-indispensable-parts-of/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [We commit not only theoretical error but also moral wrong in objectifying ourselves or other rational beings, ignoring their capacities for free action and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/we-commit-not-only-theoretical-error-but-also-moral-wrong-in/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [Kant certainly was sympathetic with the metaphysical tradition of rational theology that he criticized.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-certainly-was-sympathetic-with-the-metaphysical-tradition-of/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [That Hegel's theory is derivative from Fichte's does not prevent it from being strikingly original and of independent value.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/that-hegel-s-theory-is-derivative-from-fichte-s-does-not-prevent-it/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [It is sad to witness the persistence in our society of the racism and xenophobia that seems to be a permanent part of our…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/it-is-sad-to-witness-the-persistence-in-our-society-of-the-racism-and/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [It is rational to choose the right means to your ends to develop very elegant abstract formal theories of rational choice, and then turn…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/it-is-rational-to-choose-the-right-means-to-your-ends-to-develop-very/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [We can never prove that we are free or integrate our freedom in any way into our objective conception of the causal order of…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/we-can-never-prove-that-we-are-free-or-integrate-our-freedom-in-any/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [Kant regards the universalizability test for maxims as focused on a very special sort of situation: one where the agent is tempted to make…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/kant-regards-the-universalizability-test-for-maxims-as-focused-on-a/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [My own view is that Kant's conception of the duality of the good (morality and happiness, the good of our person and the good…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/my-own-view-is-that-kant-s-conception-of-the-duality-of-the-good/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [It is actually a nice question how far Descartes himself endorses the monological and metaphysically dualistic theory of mind associated with his name and…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/it-is-actually-a-nice-question-how-far-descartes-himself-endorses-the/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [In fact people do not know enough about themselves and what is good for them to form a sufficiently definite conception of the general…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/in-fact-people-do-not-know-enough-about-themselves-and-what-is-good/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

> [Empiricist philosophy always tends to be anti-philosophy (and is often proud of it).](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/allen-w-wood/empiricist-philosophy-always-tends-to-be-anti-philosophy-and-is-often/)

[Allen W. Wood](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/author/allen-w-wood/)

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                        "text": "Kant takes a free will to be a being or substance with the power to cause a state of the world (or a whole series of such states) spontaneously or from itself.",
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                        "text": "Kant considers belief in God and immortality to be items of \"faith\" because he relates faith to the pursuit of ends - in this case, the highest good.",
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                        "text": "It would be nice, wouldn't it? if we could get comfortable about the problem of freedom. Kant thinks that we can't.",
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                        "text": "I don't think Kant's approach to religion is any longer viable in its original form. But that does not mean it is simply wrong or that we cannot learn from it.",
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                        "text": "My own view is that Kant's conception of the duality of the good (morality and happiness, the good of our person and the good of our state or condition) is a distinctively modern view.",
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                        "text": "Kant thinks that a free will is a will under moral laws and that freedom and the moral law are distinct thoughts that reciprocally imply each other. Fichte thinks they are the same thought.",
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                        "text": "As Kant says, the contribution of any common laborer would be greater than that of the greatest philosopher unless the philosopher makes some contribution to establishing the rights of humanity.",
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                        "text": "Kant does represents a distinctively modern view of the human condition in contrast to that of ancient high culture, found in ancient Greek ethics and also in ancient Chinese ethics.",
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                        "text": "Kant does not think that the silly commandment \"universalize your maxims\" is the be-all and end-all of ethics or that it provides us with some sort of general decision procedure that is supposed to tell us what to do under all circumstances.",
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                        "text": "Kant has been famous for his rejection of eudaimonism, but I think Kantian ethics has a great deal in common with Aristotle, and some things in common with Stoicism as well. The traditions tend, I believe, to talk past each other when it comes to happiness or eudaimonia.",
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                        "text": "Kant attempted to work out a view of religion and religious belief according to which existing religions could be brought into harmony with modernity, science and reason.",
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                        "text": "Both Kant and Fichte thought of traditions of revealed religion as ways of symbolically (that is, with aesthetic emotional power) thinking about our moral condition. Both thought that religion would become more and not less powerful, emotionally and morally, if the claims of scriptures and religious teachings were taken symbolically rather than literally (whatever 'literally' might mean in the case of claims that are either nonsensical or outdated or historically unsupportable if taken as metaphysical or historical assertions).",
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                        "text": "There is a very common, though also very silly, picture of Kant according to which as empirical beings we are not free at all, and we are free only as noumenal jellyfish floating about in an intelligible sea above the heavens, outside any context in which our supposedly \"free\" choices could have any conceivable human meaning or significance. Part of the problem here is that Kant faces up honestly to the fact that how freedom is possible is a deep philosophical problem to which there is no solution we can rationally comprehend.",
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                        "text": "Some of Kant's particular moral opinions, either because he shared the prejudices of his time, or because of his own personal crotchets, can strike sensible people as ridiculous or offensive. But in my view, his own theory provides us with the resources (the best resources available, I believe) to correct his own personal errors or cultural prejudices.",
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                        "text": "Kantian ethical theory distinguishes three levels: First, that of a fundamental principle (the categorical imperative, formulated in three main ways in Kant's Groundwork); second, a set of duties, not deduced from but derived from this principle, by way of its interpretation or specification, its application to the general conditions of human life - which Kant does in the Doctrine of virtue, the second main part of the Metaphysics of Morals; and then finally an act of judgment, through which these duties are applied to particular cases.",
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                        "text": "Kant does not think that along with choice of an action we also choose in each case the motive from which we do it. He thinks all is well if I act beneficently, realizing that it is my duty but also having sympathetic feelings for the person I help. But I ought to strive to be the sort of person who would still help even if these feelings were absent. And it is such a case that he presents when the sympathetic friend of humanity finds his sympathetic feelings overclouded by his own sorrows, and still acts beneficently from duty.",
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                        "text": "Kant does not think there is anything wrong with being beneficent from sympathy. He thinks we have a duty to cultivate sympathetic feelings by participating in the situations of others and acquiring an understanding of them. He thinks we also have a duty to make ourselves into the kind of person for whom the recognition that something is our duty would be a sufficient incentive to do it (if no other incentives were available to us). That's what he means by \"the duty to act from the motive of duty\".",
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                        "text": "From the beginning, there has been a tension in the reception of the Kantian idea of autonomy. If you emphasize the 'nomos' (the law), then you get one picture: the objectivity of ethics. If you emphasize the 'autos' - the self - you get the idea that we make the law. Kant never hesitated in his choice between the two emphases. He emphasizes the nomos (the universal and objective validity of the law).",
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                        "text": "In fact, if you read what Kant has to say about feeling, desire and emotion, you see that he is not at all hostile to these. He is suspicious of them insofar as they represent the corruption of social life (here he follows Rousseau), but he also thinks a variety of feelings (including respect and love of humanity) arise directly from reason - there is, in other words, no daylight between the heart and the head regarding such feelings.",
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                        "text": "“Especially to be avoided is approaching Kant's life in a spirit of hero worship or hagiography -- as though our interest in a philosopher's thoughts is, or ought to be, proportional to our admiration for the thinker as a human being. If there have been any true saints or heroes among important figures in the history of philosophy, we would do well to entirely ignore their heroism and saintliness in studying their philosophical thoughts. It is unhealthy and completely unphilosophical to venerate philosophers of the past as gurus at whose feet we should sit in order to absorb their wisdom. Such an attitude toward any other person, whether living or dead, betrays a contemptible slavishness of mind that is incompatible with doing philosophy at all. In holding this opinion, I am, incidentally, also being a good Kantian, since Kant regarded the practice of those who set others up as models for imitation as morally corrupt, tending sooner to produce either self-contempt or envy than virtue. But that is all the more reason to apply Kant's view on this matter to Kant himself. Even the view itself should be given no credit at all just because Kant held it, but should be held only because experience shows it to be true -- and true even about Kant himself.”",
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                        "text": "“What is most remarkable about the philosophy of Kant, in my opinion, is the wide range of topics on which his thoughts repay careful study. In so many areas -- not only in metaphysics but also in natural science, history, morality, and critique of taste -- he seems to have gone to the root of the matter, and at least raised for us the fundamental issues, whether or not we decide in the end that what he said about them is correct. In his brief, five-page essay on the question \"What is Enlightenment?\" for example, he locates the essence of enlightenment not in learning or the cultivation of our intellectual powers but in the courage and resolve to think for oneself, to emancipate oneself from tradition, prejudice, and every form of authority that offers us the comfort and security of letting someone else do our thinking for us. Kant's essay enables us to see that the issues raised by the challenge of the Enlightenment are still just as much with us as they were in the eighteenth century.”",
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                        "text": "Kant thinks of judgment as a special faculty or talent of the mind, not reducible to discursive reasoning but cultivated through experience and practice.",
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                        "text": "If the problem of free will is to see how freedom fits into the order of nature, then Kant's basic view about the free will problem is that it is insoluble.",
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                        "text": "Kant was a rational theologian. He did not pretend to be a biblical or revealed theologian.",
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                        "text": "Not only in order to act morally, but even to formulate theoretical questions, devise experiments, choose which ones to perform and what conclusions to draw from then - we must presuppose that we are free. That's the sense in which it is true that for Kant \"we must assume we are free.\"",
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                        "text": "I don't think Kant's theory looks bad to people except insofar as they have misunderstood it (for instance, as heartless and ironheaded, or as committed to an absurd metaphysical conception of freedom that violates Kant's own philosophy).",
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                        "text": "I think Fichte did take it further than Kant by arguing that we can regard the moral law as objectively valid only by seeing it as addressed to us by another being, even though Fichte thought God could not literally be a person who could address us.",
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                        "text": "Kant is not saying - about freedom or any other subject - anything of the form: \"Not-p but we must assume that p.\" That's close to self-contradictory, like Moore's paradox: \"p, but I don't believe that p\".",
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