---
title: "1 Frankfurt-school Quotes By Franz Oppenheimer"
description: "1 Frankfurt-school quotes by Franz Oppenheimer. Plus more from Franz Oppenheimer and more Frankfurt-school sayings from other authors."
image: "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/33d/franz-oppenheimer-70039_class-struggle_the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower_2121524.jpg"
---

> [“The ruling class is opposed to the lower class—that is, ‘closed’ to the outside—insofar as it ‘excludes, restricts, or makes admission conditional.’ It denies the lower class access to the ‘monopolized opportunities’ that positive law grants it—‘opportunities for the satisfaction…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/franz-oppenheimer/the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower-class-that-is-closed-to-the/)

Franz Oppenheimer

[Image](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/33d/franz-oppenheimer-70039_class-struggle_the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower_2121524.jpg)

## More by Franz Oppenheimer

> [I propose in the following discussion to call one's own labor, and the equivalent exchange of one's own labor for the labor of others,…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/franz-oppenheimer/i-propose-in-the-following-discussion-to-call-one-s-own-labor-and-the/)

Franz Oppenheimer

> [I mean by Society, the totality of concepts of all purely natural relations and institutions between man and man.](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/franz-oppenheimer/i-mean-by-society-the-totality-of-concepts-of-all-purely-natural/)

Franz Oppenheimer

> [The State, completely in its genesis, essentially and almost completely during the first stages of its existence, is a social institution, forced by a…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/franz-oppenheimer/the-state-completely-in-its-genesis-essentially-and-almost-completely/)

Franz Oppenheimer

> [“The ruling class is opposed to the lower class—that is, ‘closed’ to the outside—insofar as it ‘excludes, restricts, or makes admission conditional.’ It denies…](https://sms4smile.com/quotes/franz-oppenheimer/the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower-class-that-is-closed-to-the/)

Franz Oppenheimer

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@graph": [
        {
            "@type": "ItemList",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/frankfurt-school/franz-oppenheimer/#itemlist",
            "name": "1 Frankfurt-school Quotes By Franz Oppenheimer",
            "numberOfItems": 1,
            "itemListElement": [
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 1,
                    "item": {
                        "@type": "Quotation",
                        "text": "“The ruling class is opposed to the lower class—that is, ‘closed’ to the outside—insofar as it ‘excludes, restricts, or makes admission conditional.’ It denies the lower class access to the ‘monopolized opportunities’ that positive law grants it—‘opportunities for the satisfaction of internal or external interests.’ When these opportunities are appropriated, they are called ‘rights,’ and when they are appropriated by inheritance, they are called ‘property.’ In other words: the concept of domination encompasses not only legal inequality but also economic exploitation based on ‘monopolized’ property rights.” Translated with DeepL.com (free version)”",
                        "creator": {
                            "@type": "Person",
                            "name": "Franz Oppenheimer"
                        },
                        "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/franz-oppenheimer/the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower-class-that-is-closed-to-the/",
                        "image": {
                            "@type": "ImageObject",
                            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/33d/franz-oppenheimer-70039_class-struggle_the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower_2121524.jpg",
                            "contentUrl": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/33d/franz-oppenheimer-70039_class-struggle_the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower_2121524.jpg",
                            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/33d/franz-oppenheimer-70039_class-struggle_the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower_2121524.jpg",
                            "width": 1080,
                            "height": 1080,
                            "caption": "“The ruling class is opposed to the lower class—that is, ‘closed’ to the outside—insofar as it ‘excludes…” — Franz Oppenheimer",
                            "creditText": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
                            "creator": {
                                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "@type": "CollectionPage",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/frankfurt-school/franz-oppenheimer/#webpage",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/frankfurt-school/franz-oppenheimer/",
            "name": "Frankfurt-school Quotes by Franz Oppenheimer",
            "isPartOf": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website"
            },
            "mainEntity": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/frankfurt-school/franz-oppenheimer/#itemlist"
            },
            "primaryImageOfPage": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/i/33d/franz-oppenheimer-70039_class-struggle_the-ruling-class-is-opposed-to-the-lower_2121524.jpg"
            },
            "description": "1 Frankfurt-school quotes by Franz Oppenheimer. Plus more from Franz Oppenheimer and more Frankfurt-school sayings from other authors.",
            "breadcrumb": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/frankfurt-school/franz-oppenheimer/#breadcrumb"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/frankfurt-school/franz-oppenheimer/#breadcrumb",
            "itemListElement": [
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 1,
                    "name": "Home",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 2,
                    "name": "Quotes",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 3,
                    "name": "Topics",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/categories/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 4,
                    "name": "Frankfurt School",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/frankfurt-school/"
                },
                {
                    "@type": "ListItem",
                    "position": 5,
                    "name": "Franz Oppenheimer",
                    "item": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/about/frankfurt-school/franz-oppenheimer/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "@type": "WebSite",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#website",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "publisher": {
                "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "Organization",
            "@id": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/#organization",
            "name": "SMS4Smile Quotes",
            "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/",
            "logo": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://sms4smile.com/quotes/wp-content/themes/sq/assets/icons/icon-512.png",
                "width": 512,
                "height": 512
            }
        }
    ]
}
```